Abstract: A light-detecting device and method for converting optical radiation on switched conductivity diodes. The device comprises one or more photosensitive cells connected to address and signal lines, each cell comprising the following elements connected in series: a photodetector, an initial charge input circuit, a charge converter for converting the charge generated by the photodetector signal in addition to the initial charge into photodetector output voltage, a comparator which converts the difference between the photodetector output voltage and reference voltage into a digital cell signal, a reading circuit for reading the digital cell signal through the address lines and the signal lines, a circuit for generating digital codes of the cell signal, a random access memory for storing the digital codes, a reading circuit for reading the digital codes of the cell signals on one or more outputs of the light-detecting device.

Abstract: An optical device includes a waveplate sandwiched between first and second polarizers and is arranged to receive light emanating from an object or object image that is in motion relative to the optical device. A detector array includes one or more detector elements and is optically coupled to receive light from the second polarizer. Each detector element of the detector array provides an electrical output signal that varies according to intensity of the light received from the second polarizer. The intensity of the light is a function of relative motion of the object or the object image and the optical device and contains spectral information about an object point of the object.

Abstract: An apparatus for analyzing light includes an input aperture for receiving light; a first set of one or more lenses configured to relay light from the input aperture; and a prism assembly configured to disperse light from the first set of one or more lenses. The prism assembly includes a plurality of prisms that includes a first prism, a second prism that is distinct from the first prism, and a third prism that is distinct from the first prism and the second prism. The first prism is mechanically coupled with the second prism and the second prism is mechanically coupled with the third prism. The apparatus also includes a second set of one or more lenses configured to focus the dispersed light from the prism assembly; and an array detector configured for converting the light from the second set of one or more lenses to electrical signals.

Abstract: The present invention is related with the two-channel point-diffraction interferometer for testing the optical systems or optical elements. The two-channel point-diffraction interferometer comprising a laser source inducing a linearly polarized laser beam which is divided by a beam splitter to a working channel and to a reference channel whereas the one half of light as working channel is directed from the first collimator to the working collimator by a first single-mode optical fiber to keep polarization of light unchanged, and another half of light as reference channel is directed from the second collimator to the reference collimator by a second single-mode optical fiber to keep polarization of light unchanged.

Abstract: A spectroscopic sensor that applies lights in a wavelength band containing plural wavelengths to an object and spectroscopically separates reflected lights or transmitted lights from the object using plural light band-pass filters that transmit the respective specific wavelengths and plural photosensor parts to which corresponding transmitted lights are input based on output results of independent photosensors. The spectroscopic sensor may be integrated in a semiconductor device or module by integration using a semiconductor process and downsizing may be realized.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed to determine the concentration of a species within a sample. An example method may include collecting optical loss data over a range of frequencies from the sample using a spectroscopy system; placing the optical loss data into a plurality of bins, each bin having a defined frequency width; determining an average optical loss data value for the optical loss values within each bin that have an optical loss value less than a threshold value; removing the optical loss data within each bin having a value outside a tolerance range bounding the average optical loss data value for the respective bin; fitting a spectral curve to the remaining optical loss data; and determining the concentration of the species within the sample based on the spectral curve.

Abstract: The invention optically analyzes a component in a sample having a material suspended. An optical analysis system that irradiates a liquid sample with light and analyzes a component of the sample using transmitted light transmitted through the sample includes a container accommodating the sample and an ultrasonic irradiation unit irradiating an ultrasonic wave for exciting the sample. The container includes a pair of light transmission wall portions between which the sample is disposed and which has light transmissivity, and one of the light transmission wall portions and the other of the light transmission wall portions are disposed to be separated from each other at a distance shorter than a wavelength of the ultrasonic wave.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting surface features is disclosed. The apparatus may include a plurality of strands configured to contain light and further configured to transmit light from a light source to a surface of an article. The apparatus may also include a detector configured to receive light reflected from the surface of the article via the plurality of strands, wherein the detector is further configured to detect features associated with the article.

Abstract: A region projected with pattern light in an image sensed by an image sensing unit which senses an image of a target object projected with pattern light is specified. Geometric features of the target object are searched for from a region other than the region projected with the pattern light in the sensed image based on the specified region. A position and orientation of the target object are derived based on the searched geometric features of the target object and geometric features of a model of the target object.

Abstract: A urine screen and urine analysis method for analyzing urine color to determine the hydration level of an individual. The urine screen is nonabsorbent. The urine screen includes a base member, a urinal dish, and a color scale. The urinal dish has a side wall that extends from the front side of the base member. The urinal dish is open at the top portion and is able to receive fluid into the urinal dish through the open top portion. The urinal dish includes a small drain hole. The color scale is applied to the front side of the base member and includes at least a plurality of shades of yellow. Each of the shades of yellow corresponds to a hydration level based on urine color.

Abstract: Systems and methods for a small low cost resonator fiber optic gyroscope (RFOG) with reduced optical errors are provided. In one embodiment, a RFOG comprises: a light source; an optical chip configured to couple a clockwise optical signal and a counterclockwise optical signal from the light source into a fiber optic resonator and couple the clockwise optical signal and the counterclockwise optical signal from the fiber optic resonator to at least one photodetector. The fiber optic resonator comprises a fiber optic coil having a first end point and a second end point. The fiber optic coil has a 90-degree splice located substantially half-way between the first end point and the second end point, is wrapped around a first fiber stretcher located between the first end point and the 90-degree splice, and is wrapped around a second fiber stretcher that is located between the second end point and the 90-degree splice.

Abstract: Technologies are generally described for determination and analysis of an optical profile of a liquid-based material to implement real-time monitoring of a composition of the liquid-based material for quality control. An imaging sub-system may include a plurality of illumination sources configured to illuminate the liquid-based material with light, and one or more detectors. The detectors may be configured to detect light reflected from a first surface of the liquid-based material, light reflected from a second surface of the liquid-based material, and/or light transmitted through the first surface and the second surface of the liquid-based material in response to the illumination.

Abstract: To provide a crystal orientation mark which can be formed easily and inexpensively, and which enables to perform high precision alignment and allows information other than crystal orientation to be included, even for a small diameter process substrate. A crystal orientation mark is drawn on the surface of the process substrate. The crystal orientation mark includes a marking region for crystal orientation detection, and a marking region for information. The marking region for crystal orientation detection is provided at two locations in an outer edge portion of the process substrate to be used for the alignment of the process substrate. The marking region for information is provided on a straight-line region connecting the marking regions for crystal orientation detection at the two locations, and includes a pattern for demonstrating predetermined information relating to the process substrate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system for determining the position of a test object comprising the following features: an autocollimation telescope having a beam source for emitting a beam; a beam splitter; a detector unit and an objective lens; and an optical element embodied as a focusing device, wherein the test object, the beam source and the focusing device are arranged along a common optical axis (z), and a control device for controlling the focusing device, which is designed in such a way that the beam can be focused onto a center of curvature of a first test surface of the test object with the coordinates (x1, y1) and at least onto a center of curvature of a second test surface of the test object with coordinates (x2, y2).

Abstract: A system and method for measuring a height of objects on a moving surface comprising providing a linear image sensor positioned transverse to a direction of travel of the moving surface, and at least one light source positioned collinear to the linear image sensor and proximate to an edge of the moving surface so that the light source projects a unique patterned light sequence across a width of the moving surface, detecting a transverse shift in a portion of the unique patterned light sequence with respect to the direction of travel of the moving surface as an object passes through the unique patterned light sequence, determining an amount of shift of the portion of the unique patterned light sequence, and determining a height of the object based on the portion of the unique patterned light sequence shift.

Abstract: Systems, methods and other embodiments associated with spatial-domain Low-coherence Quantitative Phase Microscopy (SL-QPM) are described herein. SL-QPM can detect structural alterations within cell nuclei with nanoscale sensitivity (0.9 nm) (or nuclear nano-morphology) for “nano-pathological diagnosis” of cancer. SL-QPM uses original, unmodified cytology and histology specimens prepared with standard clinical protocols and stains. SL-QPM can easily integrate in existing clinical pathology laboratories. Results quantified the spatial distribution of optical path length or refractive index in individual nuclei with nanoscale sensitivity, which could be applied to studying nuclear nano-morphology as cancer progresses. The nuclear nano-morphology derived from SL-QPM offers significant diagnostic value in clinical care and subcellular mechanistic insights for basic and translational research. Techniques that provide for depth selective investigation of nuclear and other cellular features are disclosed.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and assemblies are provided for an adapter insert including an adapter frame including a support rail adapted to support one or more substrates in a substrate carrier, a frame extension coupled to, or integral with, the adapter frame, and a mapping feature formed on the frame extension and disposed to be detected by a sensor for determining whether an adapter insert is present or absent in a substrate carrier. Numerous additional features are disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a structure for optical analysis that is capable of optically analyzing a small amount of a sample and an ink composition for manufacturing the same. A structure for optical analysis includes a support and an ink structure coupled to the support and configured to form a chamber on one surface of the support. The ink structure includes a first ink structural component configured to form a body of the ink structure and a second ink structural component formed at a lower portion of a side surface of the first ink, such that the first ink structural component and the second ink structural component have different slopes with respect to a direction of a center of the chamber.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an image system for obtaining a digital image of a test strip and a processing system to identify the colors of the test strip, compare the colors to a standard and identify the likelihood that the test strip falls with the standard.

Abstract: A method for determining a height of a sash opening formed by a movable sash in a fume hood. The method includes providing a laser device on the hood and providing a reflector on the sash. In addition, the method includes positioning the sash in an open position to form the sash opening and measuring a first distance between the laser device and the reflector when the sash is in the open position. The method also includes calculating the sash height based on the first distance.