Abstract: Scrap silicon from which a profit can be obtained taking into consideration the purchase price and refining cost of scrap silicon and the expected sale price of silicon products is selectively recovered, the recovered scrap silicon is refined, and silicon which can be sold as a silicon product is manufactured.

Abstract: An electro-hydrometallurgical process that extracts zinc from electric furnace dust (EAF dust) to produce zinc of high purity and fine particle size, including leaching EAF dust with an alkaline solution to form a zincates solution, separating the liquid and gangue in the zincate solution; inertizing the gangue, purifying the liquid by cementation and separating the liquid from precipitated solids; purifying the zincate solution obtained from the cementation by adsorption, at least partially evaporating the resulting pure solution, bleeding at least a fraction of the concentrated solution obtained; crystallizing at least a fraction of the concentrated solution, electro-depositing zinc from the concentrated solution; and separating washing and drying deposited Zn.

Abstract: Hard phase particles including Co alloy particles, carbide alloy particles, and silicide particles are dispersed substantially uniformly throughout a matrix composed of Cu self-fluxing alloy of a cladded portion. The cladded portion contains 6 to 15% by weight of Co, 3 to 8% by weight of one of Cr and Mo, 0.3 to 1% by weight of W, 0.5 to 1.8% by weight of Fe, 8 to 15% by weight of Ni, 0.08 to 0.2% by weight of C, 1.5 to 4% by weight of Si, 0.5 to 0.8% by weight of Al, and 0.1 to 0.3% by weight of P, and inevitable impurities and Cu as a balance. The hard phase particles have an average particle diameter of 8 to 20 ?m and a particle size distribution width of 0.1 to 100 ?m, and to occupy 10 to 20% in an arbitrary cross section of the cladded portion.

Abstract: A dental prosthesis may be cast and machined from a cobalt-, iron- and/or nickel-chromium base dental alloy comprising at least 25% metal selected from the group consisting of ruthenium, platinum, palladium, iridium, osmium, rhodium, and gold wherein the major portion or at least 15%, whichever is larger, of metal in this group is ruthenium; from 15 to 30% chromium; and a principal balance of metal selected from the group consisting of iron. nickel and cobalt.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for producing chain agglomerations of nano-scale metal particles includes feeding at least one decomposable moiety selected from the group consisting of organometallic compounds, metal complexes, metal coordination compounds and mixtures thereof into a reactor vessel; exposing the decomposable moiety to a source of energy sufficient to decompose the moiety and produce nano-scale metal particles; and deposit or collection of chain agglomerations of nano-scale metal particles.

Abstract: A method of producing a fluxing agent that can be used in production of steel, preferably stainless steel, employs as a raw material a hydroxide sludge that results from neutralization of metal-contaminated pickling liquid from a pickling step for a steel and contains at least one fluoride-containing compound. The hydroxide sludge is calcined. Steel, preferably stainless steel, is produced by decarburizing a steel heat, whereby a slag is formed on top of the steel heat, and adding a fluxing agent to the slag.

Abstract: A process for producing iron metal and slag by smelting iron-containing source material, having iron present as oxide and/or a partially metalized state, in a reactor containing a molten bath comprising or having a slag phase, utilises injection of fuel/reductant and oxygen-containing gas into the slag, by at least one top-submerged lance, to generate heating and reducing conditions in at least one reducing region in the bath. The source material is fed to the reactor, together with additional reductant and with flux, at or adjacent to the at least one reducing region, to subject the source material to smelting reduction which generates combustion gases comprising CO and H2. The rates of injection of the oxygen-containing gas and fuel/reductant by said at least one lance are controlled to achieve required, sufficient reducing conditions; and, in the reactor above the bath, the combustion gases generated by the smelting are post-combusted.

Abstract: A steel material having a good resistance to corrosion, consisting of an alloy containing in % by weight: max 0.12 C 0.5-1.5 N 12-18 Cr max 0.5 Mn max 0.5 Ni 1-5 (Mo+W/2) max 1.5 (V+Nb/2+Ti) 0.1-0.5 Si from traces and up to max 2.0 Co from traces and up to max 0.1 S balance iron and essentially only impurities at normal contents.

Abstract: A composite alloy that contains TiC is made using a green binder system of titanium sponge granules and a liquid phase binder system comprising titanium, nickel, and aluminum. The alloy has a mass of less than 5 grams per cubic centimeter. The alloy may be bonded to a hard substrate to provide an armor tile.

Abstract: Recovery of nonferrous, rare and precious metals from sulfide minerals and concentrates is described. The hydrometallurgical method of sulfide minerals and concentrates processing, involving sulfide minerals oxidation in aqueous medium using nitrogen oxides, provides that the sulfide materials containing slurry are subjected to oxidation of the sulfide which is realized under controlled conditions of the slurry acidity. Constant neutralization of sulfuric acid formed as a result of the sulfides oxidation is provided. The sulfuric acid is neutralized to acidity level, at which no formation of elementary sulfur occurs, while natural or artificial substances, such as CaC03, MgC03, Ca(OH)2, CaO, NaOH, CaHP04 etc., are used as acidity neutralizers. Oxidation of sulfide minerals is realized under agitation. Oxidation is realized in the range of 20-90° C., mainly in the range of 65-85° C.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are disclosed in which ultrasonic vibration is used to assist the degassing of molten metals or metal alloys thereby reducing gas content in the molten metals or alloys. High-intensity ultrasonic vibration is applied to a radiator that creates cavitation bubbles, induces acoustic streaming in the melt, and breaks up purge gas (e.g., argon or nitrogen) which is intentionally introduced in a small amount into the melt in order to collect the cavitation bubbles and to make the cavitation bubbles survive in the melt. The molten metal or alloy in one version of the invention is an aluminum alloy. The ultrasonic vibrations create cavitation bubbles and break up the large purge gas bubbles into small bubbles and disperse the bubbles in the molten metal or alloy more uniformly, resulting in a fast and clean degassing.

Abstract: Hard phase particles including Co alloy particles, carbide alloy particles, and silicide particles are dispersed substantially uniformly throughout a matrix composed of Cu self-fluxing alloy of a cladded portion. The cladded portion contains 6 to 15% by weight of Co, 3 to 8% by weight of one of Cr and Mo, 0.3 to 1% by weight of W, 0.5 to 1.8% by weight of Fe, 8 to 15% by weight of Ni, 0.08 to 0.2% by weight of C, 1.5 to 4% by weight of Si, 0.5 to 0.8% by weight of Al, and 0.1 to 0.3% by weight of P, and inevitable impurities and Cu as a balance. The hard phase particles have an average particle diameter of 8 to 20 ?m and a particle size distribution width of 0.1 to 100 ?m, and to occupy 10 to 20% in an arbitrary cross section of the cladded portion.

Abstract: The invention relates to titanium oxide containing slag compositions and associated methods for reducing the nitrogen content of metals. The titanium oxide slag compositions can be used to reduce nitrogen content in various molten metals including steel, nickel, copper, iron, and the like. The nitrogen content of the metals can be reduced by contacting the metal with the titanium oxide containing slag composition. The slag compositions are capable of reducing the nitrogen content of steel to less than 20 ppm without the need for specialized high-quality starting materials or processing equipment.

Abstract: A method for the production of ore comprising a proportion of fines, additives and green agglomerates optionally containing a binder, provided with an outer coating consisting of a combustible containing fine-grained carbon, such as coke. According to the method, the ore is mixed with the additives and the optionally available binder. The mixture is pelletized and the green agglomerates thus formed are coated with the combustible, whereby the combustible is introduced into an agglomeration drum. In order to enable continual production of homogeneous-quality green agglomerates, the mixture is pelletized in the agglomeration drum and the combustible is added in an area of the longitudinal extension of the agglomeration drum where the size of the green agglomerates formed in the agglomeration drum is sufficient for further processing.

Abstract: Niobium alloy compositions and systems comprising the niobium alloy composition are provided. The niobium alloy compositions comprises between about 10 atomic % and about 30 atomic % of titanium, between about 7 atomic % and about 20 atomic % of silicon, between about 5 atomic % and about 20 atomic % of molybdenum, between about 2 atomic % and about 10 atomic % of chromium, between about 2 atomic % and about 10 atomic % of aluminum, between about 3 atomic % and about 7 atomic % of zirconium, between about 1 atomic % and about 7 atomic % of carbon, between about 1 atomic % and about 6 atomic % of hafnium, and niobium.

Abstract: Method and system for producing metallic nuggets includes providing reducible mixture (e.g., reducible micro-agglomerates; reducing material and reducible iron bearing material; reducible mixture including additives such as a fluxing agent; compacts, etc.) on at least a portion of a hearth material layer. In one embodiment, a plurality of channel openings extend at least partially through a layer of the reducible mixture to define a plurality of nugget forming reducible material regions. Such channel openings may be at least partially filled with nugget separation fill material (e.g., carbonaceous material). Thermally treating the layer of reducible mixture results in formation of one or more metallic iron nuggets. In other embodiments, various compositions of the reducible mixture and the formation of the reducible mixture provide one or more beneficial characteristics.

Abstract: A method of refining scrap silicon using an electron beam includes a step of selectively preparing lumps of n-type scrap silicon containing a specific impurity element as a dopant, a step of crushing the prepared lumps of scrap silicon, a step of placing the crushed silicon into a vacuum vessel, a step of irradiating the crushed silicon which was placed into the vacuum vessel with an electron beam to melt it and vaporize at least a portion of the impurity element, and a step of solidifying the resulting silicon.

Abstract: A method for obtaining pure copper is provided wherein oxygen is blown onto a copper melt, in a melting furnace lined with refractory material, having a waste heat boiler set onto it, in order to oxidize contaminants contained in the melt and thereby remove them from the melt, and wherein a splash protection device through which water flows is provided above the copper melt, on the inside wall of the melting furnace, which prevents copper that splashes out of the copper melt from penetrating into the waste heat boiler. Boiling water is used for cooling the splash protection device, which water is under a pressure of more than 5 bar and is evaporated, at least in part, as it flows through the splash protection device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing gold nanoprisms. In particular, gold nanoprisms having uniform shapes and edge lengths and thickness are produced utilizing a three step growth process.

Abstract: A weld joins a thin overlay of low carbon steel to a base that contains high carbon steel, at least at its surface along which the weld is formed. The weld may be effected by fusion (melting) or by solid-state diffusion. With either it creates a heat affected zone (HAZ) in the base around the weld. The HAZ contains enough austenite, and perhaps bainite as well, to render the HAZ relatively ductile and also crack resistant. Adjacent to the weld the HAZ has a hardness that does not exceed 58 HRC. The weld may be produced with a high energy beam or with resistance welding equipment.