Abstract: A holding element for a spring, having a spring fastening area (10) for fastening the leaf spring (2) to the holding element (5) and a wheel carrier fastening area (9) for fastening a wheel carrier (4) to the leaf spring (2). The holding element (5) has a deformation zone (23) through which webs and openings extend for transmission of forces from the spring fastening area (10) to the wheel carrier fastening area (9), such that the webs (S2.1, S2:2, S3.1, S3.2) and the openings (A1, A2, A3) are formed mirror-symmetrically relative to the longitudinal axis (L) of the holding element.

Abstract: A bumper for a closure, such as a tailgate, acts between the tailgate and a frame to bias a striker in to engagement with a latch. The bumper is moved to a retracted position during closing to reduce the force needed to close the tailgate. After latching, the bumper is conditioned to an extended position to assert the bias between the tailgate and frame.

Abstract: The present application discloses a ceramic preform, a method of making a ceramic preform, a MMC comprising a ceramic preform, and a method of making a MMC. The method of making a ceramic preform generally comprises preparing reinforcing fibers, preparing a ceramic compound, and forming the compound into a desired shape to create the ceramic preform. In certain embodiments, the ceramic compound is formed as either a disc or a ring for use in a brake disc metal matrix composite. The metal matrix composite generally comprises the ceramic preform infiltrated with a molten metal to form the brake disc metal matrix composite. The method of making the metal matrix composite generally comprises heating the ceramic preform, placing the ceramic preform in a mold cavity of a die cast mold, and introducing molten metal into the mold cavity to infiltrate the ceramic preform to form the brake disc metal matrix composite.

Abstract: An internally ventilated brake disc cooling air flow enhancement arrangement is provided. Between a radially inner region of a brake disc that includes brake disc-to-axle hub mounting elements and cooling vanes between the parallel friction rings of the brake disc there are provided cooling air flow-modifying features. The flow-modifying features are circumferentially arranged around the radially inner region and are sized, shaped and positioned in a manner that deflects cooling air entering the internally ventilated brake disc in the radially inner region toward the entrances of cooling channels between the vanes to increase cooling air mass flow and thereby increase heat transfer an removal from the brake disc.

Abstract: A tube having sealing ring grooves formed by a sequential rotational process and a shock absorber including the tube, in which durability of a sealing ring fitted in each of the sealing ring grooves is enhanced. An inclination angle (?1) formed with respect to a plane (PL1) perpendicular to an axis of a separator tube by a side surface of the sealing ring groove, which is located on an opening end side of the separator tube, is set to 8° or more. With this, a maximum tensile stress to be applied to an O-ring can be reduced to be smaller than a maximum tensile stress in a case of using a backup ring. As a result, the durability of the O-ring can be set equivalent to or enhanced to be higher than durability in the case of using the backup ring.

Abstract: A damper having an external armature that is symmetric about a longitudinal axis, an internal armature that is arranged partially inside the external armature and a vibration absorber that in a damped manner couples the internal and external armatures together. The damper having •an arm parallel to the longitudinal axis, fixed in the manner of a cantilever to one of the armatures and provided with a magnetic dipole; •at least one 3D Hall-effect magnetic sensor, secured to the other armature and positioned facing the dipole parallel to the longitudinal axis and separated from the dipole by a determined gap; •at least one temperature sensor positioned in thermal contact with the vibration absorber; •at least one force sensor arranged in such a way as to generate data indicative of pressures or loads experienced by the vibration absorber; •a transmitter of the data generated by the sensors; •an electrical power supply.

Abstract: A jounce control damping system with an elongated housing containing a damping medium, a primary piston assembly, a moveable outer piston assembly, and a movable inner piston assembly disposed at least partially within the outer piston assembly. The primary piston assembly provides a first compression damping force. The inner piston engages the primary piston assembly and provides a second compression damping force when moved in a compression direction. After the inner piston assembly moves a given distance, the outer piston assembly is moved in the compressive direction and provides a third compression damping force.

Abstract: A shock absorber includes: a cylinder; a piston; a piston rod; and a damping-force generating device that controls a flow of oil, caused by sliding of the piston in the cylinder, wherein the damping-force generating device includes: a valve body that generates a damping force according to opening and closing of the valve body on a channel in which the oil flows; a valve seat on which the valve body seats to close the channel; and an actuator that includes a plunger generating thrust to the valve body in a valve closing direction and a plunger chamber in which the oil is filled in order to actuate the plunger, and the plunger chamber communicates with a downstream side in a flowing direction of the oil with reference to a place where the valve body seats on the valve seat.

Abstract: A valve assembly including a housing and a first movable member which divides the housing into a control chamber and a main chamber. A second movable member has a first valve part and a second valve part and is movable to engage the first valve part with a corresponding inlet valve part to substantially prevent flow of fluid into the main chamber via an inlet port. The first movable member is provided with an exhaust valve part and is movable to engage the second valve part of the second movable member to substantially prevent flow of pressurized fluid out of the main chamber via an exhaust port. A support part is secured relative to the housing, there being a first seal between the second movable member and the support part and a second seal between the support part and the first movable member.

Abstract: In an electric power generating apparatus using a suspension device according to an embodiment of the present invention, provided is a valve structure for partially disconnecting a suspension device (or a damper) from an energy recovery device (or a turbine unit) when a vehicle is driving on an under-construction road or an unpaved road from which a large bump is expected.

Abstract: A vehicle suspension damper for providing a variable damping rate. The vehicle suspension damper comprises a first damping mechanism having a variable first threshold pressure, a second damping mechanism having a second threshold pressure, and a compressible chamber in communication with a damping fluid chamber, wherein the second damping mechanism is responsive to a compression of said compressible chamber.

Abstract: A brake pad for a brake system, the brake pad comprising: a first brake pad surface having a coefficient of friction, the brake pad being for contact, in use, with a first radial portion of a component having a rotation axis, wherein: at a first point on the first brake pad surface the coefficient of friction has a first value; at a second point on the first brake pad surface the coefficient of friction has a second value greater than the first value; and at a third point on the first brake pad surface the coefficient of friction has a third value greater than the second value, wherein, in use, the first, second and third points are configured to be contactable with corresponding points on the first radial portion of the component at locations of increasing radial distance from the rotation axis so that the second point is further from the rotation axis than the first point, and the third point is further from the rotation axis than the second point.

Abstract: A shock absorber includes a piston joined to a piston rod that proceeds into and recedes from a cylinder, an extension-side chamber and a compression-side chamber that are separated from each other by the piston and have a working fluid reserved therein, first and second extension-side discharge passages in which the working fluid discharged from the extension-side chamber flows, an extension-side supply passage in which the working fluid to be supplied to the compression-side chamber flows, first and second compression-side discharge passages in which the working fluid discharged from the compression-side chamber flows, and a compression-side supply passage in which the working fluid to be supplied to the extension-side chamber flows. An extension-side damping valve and a compression-side damping valve are respectively provided in the first extension-side discharge passage and the first compression-side discharge passage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device and a method for energy dissipation with a deformable, longitudinally extending material strip which comprises a longitudinal axis and is installed into a cable which can be subjected to tension; and with a deformation device which is also installed into the cable and cooperates with the material strip, characterized in that the material strip, upon application of a tension force to the cable along its longitudinal axis, can be guided in a straight line through the deformation device and in so doing can be deformed.

Abstract: In some aspects, a master cylinder assembly for vertical lift aircraft is configured to move pressurized fluid through a conduit in response to applied movement of an input lever. A low pressure relief valve can be connected to a first conduit to limit pressure to a low level. An isolation valve can be connected to the first conduit and configured to isolate the low pressure relief valve from the conduit when engaged. A high pressure relief valve can be connected to a second fluid conduit to limit pressure to a high level. In some aspects, a rotor brake actuator is fluidly connected to the first conduit and the second conduit and configured to engage a rotor brake in response to hydraulic fluid pressure.

Abstract: A braking system for safely collecting brake dust produced by operation of a braking mechanism. The braking system comprises a collector apparatus coupled with a braking mechanism. The collector apparatus is able to include a shroud that surrounds the braking mechanism and a catch element coupled with the shroud for collecting brake dust exiting the shroud. As a result, when coupled with the braking mechanism, the collector apparatus is able to ensure that most or all brake dust, such as copper or other particles from the braking mechanism that break off from the breaking mechanism during operation of the braking mechanism, are removed from the braking mechanism and collected by the filter/catch of the collector mechanism.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electro-mechanical brake device, including: a disk; a pair of brake pads respectively disposed at both sides of the disk; a caliper respectively disposed inside the pair of brake pads; a brake module portion disposed at one side of the caliper; and a parking brake portion that is disposed to be perpendicular to a motor shaft of the brake module portion and is connected to a parking brake switch that is operated by a driver, and selectively controls a rotation of the motor shaft depending on the operation of the parking brake switch.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for a shock absorber for a vehicle having a gas spring with first and second gas chambers, wherein the first chamber is utilized during a first travel portion of the shock absorber and the first and second chambers are both utilized during a second portion of travel. In one embodiment, a travel adjustment assembly is configured to selectively communicate a first gas chamber with a negative gas chamber.

Abstract: An electronically controlled internal damper is provided. Due to a structure in which a valve unit is mounted on a spool rod along which a driven spool reciprocates and a damping unit is provided in an outer peripheral surface of the driven spool and the spool rod, it is possible to improve ride comfort by reducing a low-speed damping force of a soft mode in the driven spool and the spool rod without increasing their sizes.

Abstract: A friction lining with a wire bow spring including leg springs for the radially clastic support of the friction lining on a housing bridge of a brake caliper, wherein the back plate has a receptacle for a friction-lining wear sensor, and wherein a steel wire bow spring is a symmetrical to at least one longitudinal axis, and the wire bow spring is symmetrical to an imaginary transverse axis arranged rotated by a 90° with respect to the longitudinal axis, wherein the steel wire bow has a central U-bow for the friction-lining wear sensor, and wherein the U-bow is designed to be open at the top, the friction-lining wear sensor is accommodated integrated in the central U-bow and the U-bow is substantially larger than the friction-lining wear sensor, and therefore the friction-lining wear sensor can be mounted in the radial direction in the receptacle in the back plate.