Abstract: An electrode plate, suitable for constituting a liquid crystal device, includes a light-transmissive substrate, a plurality of first electrodes disposed on the light-transmissive substrate and a plurality of second electrodes disposed on the first electrodes. Each first electrode comprises a layer of metal nitride and is electrically connected with an associated second electrode, and each second electrode comprises a transparent electrode. The electrode plate is effective in improving an adhesiveness between the first electroded and the light-transmissive substrate and an antioxidizing property of the first electrodes while ensuring a good electrical connection state between the first electrodes and the second electrodes.

Abstract: A display for presenting image forming light to a viewer, includes a transparent substrate; a transparent, electrically conductive layer formed over the transparent substrate; a light modulating layer formed over a portion of the transparent, electrically conductive layer being effective in a first stable state to reflect light and in a second stable state to transmit light; and a layer formed over the light modulating layer which includes separate conductive portions. Electrical connections are provided which are selectively connected to separate conductive portions and being effective in a first condition to apply a first field across selected portions of the light modulating layer which correspond to separate conductive portions to be in the first stable state to reflect light and to apply a second field across selected separate conductive portions of the light modulating layer which correspond to separate conductive portions to be in the second stable state to transmit light.

Abstract: An electro-optical device may include two pairs of electrodes which apply electric fields oriented at an angle with respect to one another. In this way, a second electric field may be used to create an alignment effect in the electro-optic material which normally is achieved using specially prepared alignment structures. The need for the alignment structures may be reduced or eliminated. The second electric field may be applied, for example, using metallic standoffs which space a top plate from a lower substrate and define a region for the electro-optic material. In this way, in large arrays, the electric field may be applied from a plurality of points improving the uniformity of the applied electric field. In smaller arrays, the field may be applied, for example, using peripheral electrodes.

Abstract: An electro-optical device may be defined using metallic standoffs between a top plate and a substrate, such as a silicon substrate in a liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) technology. In one embodiment, the metallic standoffs may be formed from a metal layer, such as metal four layer, above the metal layer used to form the metal pixel mirrors. In this way, relatively constant and uniform cell thicknesses may be achieved without significantly increasing the processing overhead.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display device of this invention includes a first substrate and a second substrate facing each other with a liquid crustal layer interposed therebetween, the first substrate including: color layers of different colors each having a plurality of colored portions; a transparent conductive film formed to cover the colored portions as a counter electrode; and a block matrix layer made of an insulating material for blocking light colored portions.

Abstract: A device and method for injecting liquid crystal material into a liquid crystal cell. The device includes a container for holding the liquid crystal material and a stand disposed in the container. The stand has an upper surface and at least one side having a plurality of furrows formed therein. The liquid crystal material is transported by capillary action to the upper surface where it is contacted with an injection hole of the cell. The method provides for removal of air from the liquid crystal material and injection of the liquid crystal material in an isotropic state.

Abstract: A reflecting liquid crystal display unit that reflects light entering from an observer side to display an image. The reflecting liquid crystal display has a composite layer of cholesteric liquid crystal material and polymer resin, and an an isotropic scattering layer. The an isotoropic scattering layer scatters light entering this layer at a relative large incident angle passes light entering this layer at a relative small incident angle. The an isotoropic scattering layer is provided on an observer side of the composite layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display comprises: a plane light guide plate having an illumination surface which emits a light guided through a front end face portion from front face portion to outside; a liquid crystal panel which is disposed on front face of the illumination surface of the light guide plate and controls a transmission of light by electric signal supplied through a circuit board; a light source which is disposed adjacent to the front end face portion of the light guide plate in parallel thereto; and a main reflector attached to the front end portion of the light guide plate surrounding the light source; in which stoppers 6 are mounted on a holder 2 being a component of the light source to regulate free movement of the liquid crystal panel, whereby the liquid crystal display is small-sized. Further, a low voltage side wiring of a wiring section for supplying a power to the light source is formed by arranging a wiring material or wiring pattern of thin insulated strip on the light guide plate, etc.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display cell is includes a first substrate; a second substrate; a liquid crystal layer of liquid crystal molecules disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; a first alignment layer disposed between the first substrate and the liquid crystal layer; and a second alignment layer disposed between the second substrate and the liquid crystal layer; wherein a surface of at least one alignment layer is bombarded by a particle beam of an adjustable energy using a voltage less than 200 V so that the liquid crystal molecules proximate the surface are induced to a predetermined pretilt angle.

Abstract: In a LCD with a built-in driver, the quality of all elements is judged. A test TFT is formed immediately below a sealing material which bonds a TFT substrate and an opposite substrate, wherein test terminals are pulled out onto the eaves section of the TFT substrate protruding from the opposite substrate. The quality of TFTs are judged by considering changes of TFT characteristics under the conditions before and after the bonding process.

Abstract: A pixel is formed on a substrate for a panel of an LCD display, disposed adjacent a data line. The pixel includes a plurality of spaced apart elongate pixel electrodes extending parallel to the data line and a plurality of spaced apart elongate common electrodes extending parallel to the data line and interspersed among the pixel electrodes such that a respective pixel electrode is disposed adjacent a respective common electrode. The common and pixel electrodes define a plurality of gaps, a respective one of the gaps separating a common electrode and a pixel electrode, the plurality of gaps having nonuniform widths. Preferably, the plurality of gaps includes a first group of gaps having a first width and a second group of gaps having a second width. According to one embodiment, the first group of gaps includes all of the plurality of gaps except a gap between one common electrode nearest the data line and a pixel electrode nearest the one common electrode.

Abstract: The present invention includes a pair of light polarizers. An pair of transparent substrates are formed between the pair of light polarizer. A compensator is formed on the analyzer. A bump structure is formed above the lower substrate. A orientation layer is formed on the bump structure and the substrate. The bump structures are formed on at least one of the pair of glass substrate to provide pre-titled angle for liquid crystal molecules filled between the pair of glass substrate, wherein the bump structure includes inclined surfaces, the heights of the two ends of the bump structure are different.

Abstract: A color display device has a single light guiding plate, and first, second and third light sources that respectively independently exhibit three primary colors. On a one end surface of the light guiding plate there are disposed the first and second light sources that exhibit two different ones of the three primary colors. On the other end surface side of the light guiding plate there is disposed the third light source that exhibits the remaining one primary color. Since the light guiding means is needed only one in number, the structure can be simplified and miniaturized. Also, on the one end surface of the light guiding means there are disposed, of the three light sources exhibiting the three primary colors, the first and second light sources that exhibit two different ones of the three primary colors. And, on the other end surface side of the light guiding means there is disposed the third light source that exhibits the remaining one primary color.

Abstract: Provided is a matrix substrate provided with a plurality of switching elements corresponding to a plurality of electrodes arranged in a matrix pattern, comprising a conductive layer on a face of said substrate opposite to the face thereof bearing said switching elements.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device in which low power consumption and bright white color display are enabled to achieve high contrast as well as a response speed and picture quality compatible with a moving picture. A transparent substrate having a transparent electrode and a polarizing plate and a facing side substrate having plural pixel electrodes formed of a light reflective material and plural switching elements driving these pixel electrodes are arranged at a predetermined separation so that the transparent electrode and the pixel electrodes face each other. A liquid crystal layer formed of a nematic liquid crystal is interposed between the transparent substrate and the facing side substrate. The nematic liquid crystal is preferably a negative type nematic liquid crystal having negative anisotropy. The surfaces of the plural pixel electrodes towards the liquid crystal layer preferably present surface irregularities.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a multidomain liquid crystal display panel, including the steps of forming a photo-alignment layer on a substrate, positioning a mask having a plurality of regions with different photo-transmittances; and forming different alignment directions in different domains of the photo-alignment layer corresponding to each of the plurality of regions by irradiating the photo-alignment layer with light through the mask.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing an in-plane switching array of a liquid crystal display. A thin-film transistor including a drain, a source and a data line as well as first and second electrodes are fabricated on a cleaned glass substrate. The source, the drain and the data line comprise the same conductive layer as the second electrode. The conductive layer includes a top aluminum layer and a bottom Cr layer. A photo-resist layer is coated and patterned to expose only the area of the second electrode. The top aluminum layer of the second electrode is then etched away to decrease the thickness. Because of the thinner second electrode, the rubbing process can be uniformly completed. The light leak near the edge of the electrode is reduced without increasing the resistance of the data line.

Abstract: A filter device is mounted in a backlight device for illuminating a transmission type liquid crystal display panel from the rear surface side. The filter device includes a sheet having a polygonal filter portion for imparting predetermined optical characteristics to rays of light emerging from the light exit surface of a light guide and a holding portion extending from one side of the filter portion, a frame member having a polygonal opening portion in correspondence with the filter portion to allow light transmitted through the filter portion of the sheet to pass through, and a double-coated tape for bonding the holding portion of the sheet to the frame member.

Abstract: A subtractive color liquid crystal display employing circular polarizers. In the subtractive color display each picture element has three liquid crystal switching elements. Adjacent to each liquid crystal switching element are a circular polarizer and 1/4 wave retarder plate combination. The circular polarizer and 1/4 wave retarder plate combination create a linear notch polarizer for an isolated and steep polarization band for each of the primary colors (red, green blue). The notch polarizes are tuned to the particular backlight of the display in order to provide increased light transmittance and color gamut.

Abstract: A liquid-crystal display device including a transmission-type liquid-crystal panel for displaying an image, a power source circuit for driving the liquid-crystal panel, a solar-cell panel disposed behind the liquid-crystal panel so as to be excited by external light transmitted through the liquid-crystal panel for generating electromotive force to thereby charge the power source circuit, and a liquid-crystal shutter provided between the liquid-crystal panel and the solar-cell panel for controlling the amount of external light to be transmitted to the solar-cell panel. In the device, the power source circuit can be sufficiently charged by the electromotive force from the solar-cell panel to prolong the operating time of the displayed device without increasing the area for installation of the solar-cell panel.