Abstract: A display apparatus according to an embodiment includes a first substrate including a plastic material, a second substrate facing the first substrate, and a coating layer formed on at least one surface of the first substrate. The coating layer includes a first compound having an acryl-based monomer and a second compound having a silicon derivative, and prevents reflection of light from the first substrate when light is provided to the first substrate. Thus, the display apparatus may have enhanced lightness (brightness) thereby improving the display quality.

Abstract: A color filter array comprises orange, lime and purple sub-pixels, optionally with the addition of white sub-pixels. The color filter array is useful in electro-optic displays, especially reflective electro-optic displays. A method is provided for converting RGB images for use with the new color filter array.

Abstract: By selectively placing color filters with different transmittance spectrums on an array of modulator elements each having the same reflectance spectrum, a resultant reflectance spectrum for each modulator element and it's respective color filter is created. In one embodiment, the modulator elements in an array are manufactured by the same process so that each modulator element has a reflectance spectrum that includes multiple reflectivity lines. Color filters corresponding to multiple colors, such as red, green, and blue, for example, may be selectively associated with these modulator elements in order to filter out a desired wavelength range for each modulator element and provide a multiple color array. Because the modulator elements are manufactured by the same process, each of the modulator elements is substantially the same and common voltage levels may be used to activate and deactivate selected modulation.

Abstract: A display assembly comprises a backplane assembly comprising a plurality of spaced backplane areas, each backplane area comprising a plurality of electrodes, the backplane areas being separated by gutter areas free from electrodes; an adhesive layer overlying the plurality of spaced backplane areas; and a layer of a solid electro-optic medium overlying the adhesive layer in the plurality of spaced backplane areas. The display sub-assembly can be produced via a single lamination and severed to form a plurality of separate electro-optic displays. Processes for producing the display assembly are also described.

Abstract: Provided is a microcapsule patterning method for patterning electrophoretic microcapsules on a substrate, the method including the steps of: preparing a microcapsule slurry in which microcapsules and a water-soluble binder are mixed; putting the microcapsule slurry into a liquid ejector having injection and ejection ports formed therein; and applying the microcapsule slurry contained in the liquid ejector onto the substrate so as to pattern pixels using the microcapsules. Accordingly, specific patterns are formed without physical and chemical damage to the microcapsules. Therefore, the patterns can be used as pixels of flat panel displays. Further, through the patterning, it is possible to implement a color display device which does not exhibit performance degradation.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for measuring contrast sensitivity. In one method, a person is presented with a test pattern having several test areas. In a first test cycle, one of the test areas contrasts with (for example, is darker than) the other test areas. The person being tested indicates which test area the person perceives as contrasting with (darker than) the other test areas. This is repeated a number of times for the other test areas, with the level of contrast staying the same but with a different test area becoming the contrasting (darker) test area. In subsequent cycles, these steps are repeated, with decreasing levels of contrast. The contrasting test area may, for example, appear as a solid, as a pattern such as two contrasting vertical bars, or as an animation such as a sinusoidal frequency grating.

Abstract: A system of electronically active inks is described which may include electronically addressable contrast media, conductors, insulators, resistors, semiconductive materials, magnetic materials, spin materials, piezoelectric materials, optoelectronic, thermoelectric or radio frequency materials. We further describe a printing system capable of laying down said materials in a definite pattern. Such a system may be used for instance to: print a flat panel display complete with onboard drive logic; print a working logic circuit onto any of a large class of substrates; print an electrostatic or piezoelectric motor with onboard logic and feedback or print a working radio transmitter or receiver.

Abstract: A focus module containing a boundary element and a focus element. The focus element includes a fluid and a deformable membrane, with the fluid being entrapped between the boundary element and the deformable membrane. The focus module also includes a pressure element, which is capable of deforming the focus element by pressing on the deformable membrane in the direction of the boundary element.

Abstract: Systems and methods for controlling a fluid lens in a data collection device. One or more micropump control systems are used to control one or more fluid lenses. The micropump control systems are used to change volume and/or pressure within the fluid lens system, changing the radius of curvature of the lens.

Abstract: Various types of edge seals for protecting electro-optic displays against environmental contaminants are described. In one type of seal, the electro-optic layer is sandwiched between a backplane and a protective sheet and a sealing material extends between the backplane and the protective sheet. In other seals, the protective sheet is secured to the backplane or to a second protective sheet adjacent the backplane. The electro-optic layer can also be sealed between two layers of adhesive or between one layer of adhesive and the backplane. Other seals make use of flexible tapes extending around the periphery of the display.

Abstract: A zoom lens has a plurality of lens units including, in order from its object side to image side, a first lens unit having a negative refracting power composed of two lens elements including a biconcave negative lens and a positive lens, and a second lens unit having a positive refracting power composed of four lens elements including a positive lens and a negative lens. During zooming from the wide angle end to the telephoto end, a distance between the lens units changes, and the second lens unit moves toward the object side. The zoom lens has an aperture stop that moves integrally with the second lens during the zooming and satisfies a specific condition.

Abstract: A controllable reflecting device having an array of bi-axial mirrors that are capable of pivoting in at least four directions is described. At least three primary colored light beams are directed at each of the bi-axial mirror in three of the four pivoting directions, one for each of the primary colored light beams and a single colored beam is reflected and directed toward a projection lens. In the fourth pivoting direction, no color beam is directed to the projection lens and black is projected.

Abstract: A method for manipulating light comprises receiving an incoming beam of light at a tunable optical device, the tunable optical device comprising an organic material having an optical property that can be selectively varied under the influence of an external bias. The method further comprises applying a selected external bias to the tunable optical device to change an optical property of the tunable optical device. The method also comprises controlling an optical property of a beam of light exiting the tunable optical device as a result of the selected external bias.

Abstract: A laser eye protection (LEP) system for a helmet having a helmet-mounted display (HMD) system. The LEP system includes a large outer visor, which provides ballistic protection, LEP and a display surface for the HMD, and a smaller inner visor, which also provides LEP. LEP is split between the two visors, so that the outer visor can block light in a wavelength that overlaps with the peak wavelength range of the HMD without impairing the wearer's ability to view HMD imagery. The outer visor also preferably does not block near IR light, which allows image-enhancement devices to be positioned within the protective envelope of the outer visor while the smaller inner visor protects the wearer from near IR threats.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a display device which comprises two layers of insulating substrate, at least the substrate on the viewing side is transparent, an array of display cells sandwiched between the two layers of substrate, a writing means, and optionally an erasing means to magnetically or electrically erase the image. The display cells are filled with a dispersion of magnetic particles which may be charged or non-charged. The display of the invention eliminates the use of the transparent conductor film, such as ITO, on the viewing side. Therefore, the displays of this invention are more cost effective, more flexible and durable and capable of higher image contrast ratio and higher reflectance in the Dmin area.

Abstract: A particle for use in an electrophoretic display comprises a light-scattering inorganic core and a light-transmissive colored shell of an organic pigment. In preferred particles, the core is titania and the shell is formed of particles having an average particle size less than 700 nm. The particles are produced by treating a light-scattering inorganic pigment with a polymer which adsorbs on both the inorganic pigment and an organic pigment; and adding the organic pigment and allowing the organic pigment to mix with the polymer-coated inorganic pigment.

Abstract: Ligand exchange of thermochromic, LETC, systems exhibiting a reversible change in absorbance of electromagnetic radiation as the temperature of the system is reversibly changed are described. The described LETC systems include one or more than one transition metal ion, which experiences thermally induced changes in the nature of the complexation or coordination around the transition metal ion(s) and, thereby, the system changes its ability to absorb electromagnetic radiation as the temperature changes.

Abstract: A zoom lens is composed, in order from the object side thereof, of a front side lens unit having a negative refracting power at the wide angle end and a rear side lens unit having a positive refracting power at the wide angle end. The front side lens unit includes a first lens unit located closest to the object side and having a positive refracting power and a second lens unit located on the image side of the first lens unit and having a negative refracting power. The distance between the first lens unit and the second lens unit is larger at the telephoto end than at the wide angle end. The rear side lens unit includes a third lens unit located closer to the object side at the telephoto end than at the wide angle end and having a positive refracting power, the distance between the third lens unit and the second lens unit being smaller at the telephoto end than at the wide angle end. The third lens unit satisfies the following condition: 0.01<f3/ft<0.16 . . . (1).

Abstract: A variable focal length lens includes: a lens portion including a pair of light transmissive members, at least one of which is deformable, and a light transmissive liquid medium sealed between the pair of light transmissive members; and a liquid medium container including a chamber that communicates with the lens portion and is filled with the liquid medium, the liquid medium container causing the shape of the surface of the deformable light transmissive member or members to be changed by changing the volume of the chamber to adjust the amount of liquid medium with which the lens portion is filled.

Abstract: A displaying apparatus that includes a plurality of electromechanical system elements arranged in rows. The electromechanical system elements of each of the rows are further arranged in subrows. The subrows of each row are electrically connected. Certain of the electromechanical system elements have a hysteresis stability window that is nested with another hysteresis stability window of certain others of the electromechanical system elements. A method of manufacturing a displaying apparatus that includes forming a plurality of electromechanical system elements arranged in rows. The electromechanical system elements of each of the rows are further arranged in subrows. The subrows of each row are electrically connected. Certain of the electromechanical system elements have a hysteresis stability window that is nested with another hysteresis stability window of certain others of the electromechanical system elements.