Abstract: A porous diaphragm for an electrolytic cell enables, e.g., the electrolysis of NaCl to NaOH, in high concentration and in good yield, said diaphragm comprising an electrolytically acceptable porous sheet member having a total pore volume and average equivalent pore diameter adapted for electrolysis, and having an ion exchange resin fixedly deposited within the pores and occupying from 8 to 30% of the total pore volume thereof.

Abstract: Ungelled resins, aqueous dispersions of cationic resins, coating compositions, and electrodeposition using the resinous coating compositions are disclosed. The resins are formed from reacting polyepoxides with polyoxyalkylenepolyamines. The aqueous dispersons are prepared by at least partially neutralizing the resins to provide cationic groups and dispersing the cationic resins in aqueous medium. When added to cationic electrodepositable coating compositions, such as high throwpower compositions, the ungelled cationic resins provide better appearing, more flexible and water-resistant electrodeposited coatings.

Abstract: Tin-free steel having a first layer of metallic chromium on a steel base and a second layer of hydrated chromium oxide on the first layer, in which the atomic ratio of sulfur and the atomic ratio of fluorine to the sum of chromium, oxygen, sulfur and fluorine in the second layer are respectively not greater than 2.5 atomic percent and not greater than 10 atomic percent. This tin-free steel can be used for a nylon-adhered can body to be subjected to a hot-packing or retort treatment, since it has excellent lacquer adhesion after aging in hot water and under retort conditions.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrolytic method of coloring anodized aluminum workpieces in an acidic aqueous electrolyte containing nickel sulfamate in amounts from 50 to 150 grams per liter (expressed as nickel) at temperatures above 35.degree. C. The coloring voltage ranges from 5 to 40 volts (AC).

Abstract: A method for measuring fluoride concentrations in a gas wherein a sample of the gas is mixed with an internal reference solution in a gas scrubber to form a fluoride-containing solution. The fluoride-containing solution is collected, and the concentration of fluoride ion is determined in a potentiometric apparatus. The apparatus includes a first electrode having a fluoride-sensitive element and a second electrode having an element sensitive to a halide ion other than fluoride ion. The improved method of the invention compensates for errors caused by evaporation of water from the gas scrubber.

Abstract: An improved substrate suitable for use as a base for a lithographic printing plate, especially a plate useful for the production of continuous tone images. The substrate is produced by extremely uniformly graining an aluminum sheet which has a highly polished, mirror-like surface.

Abstract: A method of electroplating chromium onto a metal article includes an electrolytic surface treatment step and a plating step. In the electrolytic surface treatment step the article is immersed in an alkaline solution of a cyanide salt and an electrical potential is applied to the article and reversed in polarity at predetermined intervals. The potential is preferably applied in alternating 15 second and 5 second intervals, the polarity of the potential applied to the article being positive during the 15 second intervals and negative during the 5 second intervals. A potential of between about 4 to 6 volts is preferred. The potential is applied to the article for a period of 3 to 15 minutes, preferably beginning and ending with a 15 second interval during which the polarity of the potential is positive. The article is then immersed while still wet in a chromic acid electroplating bath.

Abstract: Aluminum is electrolytically grained in an aqueous solution of nitric and boric acids to provide a surface structure suitable for use as part of a lithographic printing plate. The electrolyte may also optionally contain hydrogen peroxide and/or aluminum nitrate.

Abstract: An electrophoretic support comprising a base plate having on at least one side thereof, a layer of an adherent resin containing ethylenically unsaturated groups capable of undergoing copolymerization with acrylamide. The support provides excellent adhesion for polyacrylamide gels and other electrophoretic media such as agarose.

Abstract: A process for controlling the removal rate of an aromatic extract oil from a solvent recovery zone in response to the specific gravity of the aromatic extract oil product.

Abstract: Dielectric sealing of porous anodized aluminum, in which moisture in the pores of the coating formed by hardcoat anodizing is removed, and the porous anodized surface then impregnated with a water insoluble metallic salt. The impregnant material is a compound of a Group II or III metal with a long chain fatty acid containing between 8 and 32 carbon atoms, saturated or unsaturated. The impregnant material may be applied as a hot melt or in solution; in the former case, any excess material is removed from the surface. The resulting product has excellent resistivity and dielectric properties, and maintains these properties at elevated humidities. As a final step the surface may be polished to provide favorable toner release characteristics during pressure transfer.

Abstract: The invention relates to elements of aluminum, such as bars, sections or apparatus components for forming electrical contacts capable of withstanding mechanical and thermal stressing.The method by which these elements are produced consists in depositing a firmly adhering layer of nickel to the aluminum substrate at least in the contact zone. The quality of the contact is further improved when the nickel-plated element is in contact with a silver-plated element.The elements according to the invention may be used for the production of pin-type contacts and any other devices for making or breaking electrical circuits, such as isolators, circuit breakers and contactors.

Abstract: A process is described for heat-treating a gold contact surface so as to increase lifetimes and render it more reliable particularly for high current operation. A particular advantage of this procedure is that it can be carried out at a low enough temperature so that magnetic properties of certain types of contacts will not be affected.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are disclosed for coating a metallic wire with a similar or dissimilar metallic plating layer having the desired uniform thickness and a compact metallic structure by passing the wire through electrolytic baths and through surface smoothing stations. The wire is passed through an electrolytic bath to coat the wire with a plating layer, then pressed against the peripheral surfaces of rotatable rollers to smooth the surface of the plating layer substantially over the entire periphery thereof. Subsequently the wire is coated with an electrolytic plating layer over the smoothed surface of the wire.

Abstract: A stable combustion fuel emulsion of a petroleum fuel having a small percentage of water dispersed therein as droplets of a size of about 0.5 micron, or less, formed by high energy rotary impact milling the petroleum fuel and water together.

Abstract: Para-xylene may be separated as front-end product in high purity by contacting charge C-8 aromatic hydrocarbon mixture with certain NaY-type zeolites in the presence of a pyridine.

Abstract: This invention is concerned with an improved plating process for covering a substrate with a black metal oxide film. The invention is particularly directed to making a heating panel for a solar collector.A compound is electrodeposited from an aqueous solution containing cobalt metal salts onto a metal substrate. This compound is converted during plating into a black, highly absorbing oxide coating which contains hydrated oxides. This is achieved by the inclusion of an oxidizing agent in the plating bath.The inclusion of an oxidizing agent in the plating bath is contrary to standard electroplating practice. The hydrated oxides are converted to oxides by treatment in a hot bath, such as boiling water. An oxidizing agent may be added to the hot liquid treating bath.

Abstract: A cleaning and plating method and apparatus comprising a plurality of tank assemblies arranged in series through which a batch of articles to be cleaned and plated is moved successively. Each tank assembly comprises a tank containing liquid treating or plating material. A barrel is at least partly submerged in each tank and is rotated about its longitudinal axis. The ends of the barrel are open and the barrel is formed with baffles on the interior thereof. When the barrel is rotated in one direction, the articles are agitated through the liquid and when the barrel is rotated in the other direction, the articles are elevated and deposited on a chute for transfer to the next succeeding tank assembly.

Abstract: A dry glass electrode for use in potentiometric analyses of aqueous media. The electrode comprises a metal conductor constituted of platinum, gold, or tantalum, a layer comprising an oxide of the metal having a thickness of between about 50 Angstrom units and about 2 microns on an outer surface of the metal conductor, and an ion-selective glass membrane over and in electrical contact with the oxide layer. The ion-selective glass has a coefficient of thermal expansion differing by less than about 25% from the coefficient of thermal expansion of the metal.A method for producing the electrode of the invention is also disclosed.

Abstract: Hydrazine is added to glycol solvents utilized for aromatic extraction so that corrosion is minimized while the extractive efficiency of the solvent is maintained.