Abstract: Systems and methods of reducing airborne contaminants, such as airborne microorganisms, including bacterial, viral, and fungal microbes, in an indoor space are disclosed. The method includes positioning a portable photo-catalytic oxidation system proximate a source of contaminants in the indoor space and activating the photo-catalytic oxidation system to circulate air through the photo-catalytic oxidation system at a rate ranging from approximately 16 to approximately 24 air exchanges per hour in the indoor space. The photo-catalytic oxidation system is configured to oxidize contaminates in the air.

Abstract: There is described an apparatus for disinfecting a fluid, such as water. The apparatus includes a housing having a fluid inlet for inflow of a fluid to be disinfected, and a fluid outlet for outflow of the fluid to be disinfected. The apparatus further includes one or more light-emitting diodes (LEDs) operable to emit ultraviolet (UV) light for disinfecting the fluid to be disinfected. A fluid flow path extends from the fluid inlet to the fluid outlet. The fluid flow path is configured such that, when the fluid to be disinfected flows along the fluid flow path, the fluid to be disinfected flows sufficiently close to the one or more LEDs so as to absorb heat generated by the one or more LEDs.

Abstract: A device and a process to propagate molecular growth of hydrocarbons, either straight or branched chain structures, that naturally occur in the gas phase to a molecular size sufficient to shift the natural occurring phase to a liquid or solid state is provided. According to one embodiment, the device includes a grounded reactor vessel having a gas inlet, a liquid outlet, and an electrode within the vessel; a power supply coupled to the electrode for creating an electrostatic field within the vessel for converting the gas to a liquid and or solid state.

Abstract: Electrode/inductor for devices for disposing waste by plasma-chemical destruction method, the inductor located between the electrode and conductive surfaces of the cavity with gaps towards them. The inductor is formed by two truncated regular pyramids with bottom bases located in one plane and top bases located in another plane. The pyramids are rotated relative to each other around their common axis. In all or some of side facet planes of the pyramids, metal side facet plates are located, that are connected to metal plates of the upper and bottom bases located in planes of the upper and bottom bases with gaps between lateral edges of adjacent side facet plates. An electrode of the inductor is placed along the common axis of the pyramids. The inductor electrode is connected to the metal plates of the upper and bottom bases and protrudes beyond the top base towards the reactor electrode.

Abstract: Zero emission nested-loop (ZEN) reforming provides a scalable, eco-friendly process to produce high quality hydrogen at a relatively low operating cost. In one embodiment, a ZEN system comprises a reactor, a regenerator, and a photocatalytic reformer. During operation, the reactor receives a gas mixture and outputs hydrogen and catalyst adsorbed with carbon dioxide. The gas mixture is methane, steam, or hydrogen. Next, the regenerator receives the catalyst adsorbed with carbon dioxide and outputs carbon dioxide and desorbed catalyst. Next, the photocatalytic reformer receives carbon dioxide output by the regenerator and outputs methane and oxygen. The reactor receives at least some of the methane output by the photocatalytic reformer. By recycling methane in this way, the need for additional methane to fuel the system is reduced. The ZEN reforming system provides a novel technique to convert greenhouse gas emissions and carbon dioxide into oxygen and reusable methane gas.

Abstract: A long-life discharge tube for ozone generator is provided, including an air inlet tube, a connecting column, an ozone outlet tube, inner and outer quartz tubes, an outer copper foil, first and second high-voltage connecting components. The outer side of the connecting column fits closely to the inner quartz tube. The outer quartz tube is sleeved on the inner cylindrical component. An air gap is provided between the inner and outer quartz tubes. The outer side of the outer quartz tube fits closely to the copper foil whose length is less than that of the inner and outer quartz tubes. Two connecting components for generating high voltage for arcing are respectively connected to the inner cylindrical component and the outermost copper foil. This structure can prevent the oxidation and corrosion due to the electric spark on the connecting column, greatly improving the overall service life of the discharge tube.

Abstract: A device for inhibiting condensation distortion on an optical element is provided. The device may include a housing; a chamber within the housing; electrical circuitry in the housing; a plasma activation region configured to retain the optical element in a manner exposing an optical surface to the plasma activation region, wherein the electrical circuitry is configured to form an electrical connection with a first electrode located on the first side of the dielectric barrier; a second electrode located on a second side of the dielectric barrier, opposite the plasma activation region; and at least one processor configured to: control electricity flow through the circuitry to cause an electric field associated with a voltage drop between the first electrode and a second electrode to generate plasma within the plasma-activation region; and maintain the generated plasma for a time period sufficient to cause the optical surface to become hydrophilic.

Abstract: A device for inhibiting condensation distortion on an optical element of a medical instrument configured for insertion into a body cavity is provided. The device may include a housing; a cavity within the housing, the cavity being sized to removably retain at least a portion of the medical instrument therein, wherein the portion includes the optical element; a plasma activation zone within the cavity and arranged such that when the at least a portion of the medical instrument is retained within the cavity, the optical element is located within the plasma activation zone; a plasma generator configured to be activated to cause formation of a plasma cloud in the plasma activation zone in a vicinity of the optical element; and a controller configured to activate the plasma generator for a time period sufficient to cause the optical element to become hydrophilic prior to insertion into the body cavity.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to reactor systems that include (a) a housing having an interior surface that may be at least partially reflective, (b) at least one reactor cell disposed within an interior of the housing, the at least one reactor cell including an enclosure and a plasmonic photocatalyst on a catalyst support disposed within the at least one enclosure, where the enclosure is optically transparent and includes at least one input for a reactant to enter the at least one cell and at least one output for a reformate to exit the at least one cell and (c) at least one light source disposed within the interior of the housing and/or external to the housing.

Abstract: Plasma discharges and electromagnetic fields may be applied to a liquid, such as water, to treat unwanted material in the liquid.

Abstract: A solid or liquid fuel to plasma to electricity power source that provides at least one of electrical and thermal power comprising (i) at least one reaction cell for the catalysis of atomic hydrogen to form hydrinos, (ii) a chemical fuel mixture comprising at least two components chosen from: a source of H2O catalyst or H2O catalyst; a source of atomic hydrogen or atomic hydrogen; reactants to form the source of H2O catalyst or H2O catalyst and a source of atomic hydrogen or atomic hydrogen; one or more reactants to initiate the catalysis of atomic hydrogen; and a material to cause the fuel to be highly conductive, (iii) a fuel injection system such as a railgun shot injector, (iv) at least one set of electrodes that confine the fuel and an electrical power source that provides repetitive short bursts of low-voltage, high-current electrical energy to initiate rapid kinetics of the hydrino reaction and an energy gain due to forming hydrinos to form a brilliant-light emitting plasma, (v) a product recovery syst

Abstract: An exhaust pipe device according to an embodiment includes a dielectric pipe; a radio-frequency electrode; a ground electrode; and a plasma generation circuit. The radio-frequency electrode is disposed on an outer periphery side of the dielectric pipe and a radio-frequency voltage is applied to the radio-frequency electrode. The ground electrode is disposed on an end portion side of the dielectric pipe such that a distance from the radio-frequency electrode is smaller on an inner side than on an outer side of the dielectric pipe, and a ground potential is applied to the ground electrode. The plasma generation circuit generates plasma inside the dielectric pipe. The exhaust pipe device functions as a part of an exhaust pipe disposed between a film forming chamber and a vacuum pump that exhausts gas inside the film forming chamber.

Abstract: Device for hydrogen sulfide plasma dissociation includes a plasma chemical reactor including an arc plasma generator that has a cathode and an anode; the anode having a working surface for contacting hydrogen sulfide plasma, wherein the working surface is made from a material that includes stainless steel, tungsten or molybdenum; the cathode having a tip for arc attachment where a cathode spot is formed, wherein the cathode tip is made from pure tungsten, pure molybdenum, a tungsten or molybdenum alloy with tungsten as a major component or a composite material in which tungsten or molybdenum is the major component; and a flow path configured to have an inlet for gaseous hydrogen sulfide for dissociation in plasma into hydrogen and sulfur, and an outlet for gaseous products of hydrogen sulfide plasma dissociation. Optionally, the alloy or composite material has up to 10% low work function elements (thorium, cerium, lanthanum, or zirconium).

Abstract: An apparatus comprising a cold-plasma ozone generator, the ozone generator comprising: a non-arcing non-coronal ozone production cell capable of generating ozone; the ozone production cell having a pair of electrodes placed on two sides of the production cell and spaced apart by an electrode gap, and a dielectric layer on each of the electrodes facing inward into the ozone production cell; a high-voltage pulse generator attached to the electrodes and configured for producing a glow discharge cold plasma between the electrodes, the high-voltage pulse generator being able to produce sufficient voltage to generate the glow discharge cold plasma; a cooling system attached to each of the electrodes; and an oxygen source adapted to provide gas flow through the production cell in the gap between the pair of electrodes that efficiently generates ozone in the cold plasma, wherein the dielectric layers are intimately and directly bonded to each of the electrodes.

Abstract: A device for inhibiting condensation distortion on an optical element of a medical instrument configured for insertion into a body cavity is provided. The device may include a housing; a cavity within the housing, the cavity being sized to removably retain at least a portion of the medical instrument therein, wherein the portion includes the optical element; a plasma activation zone within the cavity and arranged such that when the at least a portion of the medical instrument is retained within the cavity, the optical element is located within the plasma activation zone; a plasma generator configured to be activated to cause formation of a plasma cloud in the plasma activation zone in a vicinity of the optical element; and a controller configured to activate the plasma generator for a time period sufficient to cause the optical element to become hydrophilic prior to insertion into the body cavity.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of irradiating a composition having water and hydrogen-terminated nanodiamonds with light that generates water-solvated electrons from the nanodiamonds. The method can be used to degrade fluoroalkyl compounds such as perfluorooctane sulfonate.

Abstract: A GaON/ZnO photoelectrode involving a nanoarchitectured photocatalytic material deposited onto a surface of a conducting substrate, and the nanoarchitectured photocatalytic material containing gallium oxynitride nanoparticles interspersed in zinc oxide nanoparticles, as well as methods of preparing the GaON/ZnO photoelectrode. A method of using the GaON/ZnO photoelectrode for solar water electrolysis is also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to devices for disposal of waste in solid, liquid and gaseous state thereof, in particular, it relates to devices for providing waste disposal by plasma-chemical destruction. A technical effect obtained by this invention is implementation of a reactor providing destruction of both organic and inorganic substances of residential solid and/or liquid waste. The technical effect is obtained by a reactor provided in form of a closed cavity having an input orifice connected to a waste feed apparatus and an output orifice for outputting gaseous products of destruction. Inner surfaces of the cavity are made electrically conductive entirely or partially and an electrode is inserted into the reactor. The electrode is isolated from the conductive surfaces and connected to a source of high-voltage pulses, and size of a gap between the electrode and the conductive surfaces of the cavity provides formation of plasma streamers by corona discharge.

Abstract: A device for generating ozone from oxygen-containing gas by silent electric discharge, the device including an electrode arrangement having at least one high-voltage electrode and at least one annular ground electrode. An annular dielectric is arranged between the at least one high-voltage electrode and the at least one ground electrode. The at least one high-voltage electrode is surrounded by at least one annular heat pipe.

Abstract: A GaON/ZnO photoelectrode involving a nanoarchitectured photocatalytic material deposited onto a surface of a conducting substrate, and the nanoarchitectured photocatalytic material containing gallium oxynitride nanoparticles interspersed in zinc oxide nanoparticles, as well as methods of preparing the GaON/ZnO photoelectrode. A method of using the GaON/ZnO photoelectrode for solar water electrolysis is also provided.