Abstract: Scintillation materials of this invention have an alkali halide host material, a (first) scintillation dopant of various types, and a variety of second dopants (co-dopants). In another embodiment, the scintillation materials of this invention have an alkali halide host material, a (first) scintillation dopant of various types, a variety of second dopants (co-dopants), and a variety of third dopants (co-dopants). Co-dopants of this invention are capable of providing a second auxiliary luminescent cation dopant, capable of introducing an anion size and electronegativity mismatch, capable of introducing a mismatch of anion charge, or introducing a mismatch of cation charge in the host material.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting radioactivity of a whole body is disclosed. The apparatus for detecting radioactivity of a whole body is divided into upper and lower parts, the upper and lower parts are divided into front, rear, left and right portions, respectively, a radioactivity detection unit is installed at each of the front, rear, left and right portions, radioactivity values detected by each of the radioactivity detection units are compared and analyzed such that radioactivity values detected by the radioactivity detection units positioned at upper front and rear parts are compared, radioactivity values detected by the radioactivity detection units positioned at upper left and right parts are compared, and also radioactivity values detected by the lower radioactivity detection units are compared in the same manner, thus determining whether or not the internal parts or external parts of the body of a detection target have been contaminated by radioactivity.

Abstract: A system and method of performing acoustic thermography in which invalid data is filtered from data used to detect defects on a structure. An ultrasonic sound input signal is provided to a structure to produce a thermal image output. A sensor senses an input energy corresponding to the sound input signal and produces an input energy signal. The input energy signal is transformed to a test spectrum and is compared to a reference spectrum. The comparison of the test spectrum to the reference spectrum is used to determine whether to include the thermal image output in an analysis for detecting defects in the structure.

Abstract: Disclosed are a radiation image conversion panel, which provides high luminance, an image without white or black defects, an image free from cracks and an image with reduced unevenness, and its manufacturing method. Also disclosed is an X-ray radiographic system employing the radiation image conversion panel. The radiation image conversion panel of the invention comprises a substrate and provided thereon, a reflection layer, a phosphor layer and a protective layer in that order, wherein the phosphor layer is composed of a phosphor crystal in the form of column, and the reflection layer is formed by vapor phase deposition of two or more kinds of metals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for a fast thermo-optical characterization of particles. In particular, the present invention relates to a method and a device to measure the stability of (bio)molecules, the interaction of molecules, in particular biomolecules, with, e.g. further (bio)molecules, particularly modified (bio)molecules, particles, beads, and/or the determination of the length/size (e.g. hydrodynamic radius) of individual (bio)molecules, particles, beads and/or the determination of length/size (e.g. hydrodynamic radius).

Abstract: A thermal imaging microelectronic device including: a support, a plurality of metal levels for interconnecting electronic components formed on the support, an array of thermal detectors formed on the support, each detector including a membrane with which radiant energy may be absorbed and one or more electric signals may be provided depending on the absorbed radiant energy, and a readout circuit that reads out the electric signals from the membrane, the readout circuit being integrated to the support, and at least several of the detectors having a readout circuit provided with an integrator including at least one integration capacitor disposed facing the membrane, the capacitor having at least one upper plate made in a given interconnection metal level of the plurality of interconnection metal levels.

Abstract: A fluorescent material for a scintillator to be used in a radiation detector is provided. The fluorescent material is designed to have a high fluorescent intensity and a low level of afterglow a short term of 1 to 300 ms after the termination of X-ray radiation. The above fluorescent material contains Ce as an activator. In addition, the material must contain at least Gd, Al, Ga, O, Fe, and a component M. The component M is at least one of Mg, Ti, and Ni. In addition, the composition of the material must be expressed by the general formula: (Gd1-x-zLuxCez)3+a(Al1-u-sGauScs)5?aO12 wherein 0?a?0.15, 0?x?0.5, 0.0003?z?0.0167, 0.2?u?0.6, and 0?s?0.1, and wherein, regarding the concentrations of Fe and M, Fe: 0.05?Fe concentration (mass ppm)?1, and 0?M concentration (mass ppm)?50.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a human body sensing apparatus with improved accuracy, in which whether a moving direction of a human body is a ‘determinate entry or exit’ or an ‘indeterminate entry or exit’ is determined by analyzing a sensing signal outputted from each of sensor units, and room occupancy states are classified into a ‘ZERO’ state, a ‘CHECK’ state, a ‘WAIT’ state, an ‘AOL’ state and an ‘IOL’ state depending on a determined result. Even a variety of unexpected behaviors that a human can perform in a sensing area of the sensor units can be detected, and thus correctness and correction rate are superior in calculating the number of people staying in a room.

Abstract: An activation detector for fast-neutrons has a yttrium target exposed to a neutron source. Fast-neutrons which have energy in excess of 1 MeV (above a threshold energy level) generate gamma rays from a nuclear reaction with the yttrium, the gamma rays having an energy level of 908.96 keV, and the resultant gamma rays are coupled to a scintillator which generates an optical response, the optical response of the scintillator is coupled to a photomultiplier tube which generates an electrical response. The number of counts from the photomultiplier tube provides an accurate indication of the fast-neutron flux, and the detector is exclusively sensitive to fast-neutrons with an energy level over 1 MeV, thereby providing a fast-neutron detector which does not require calibration or the setting of a threshold.

Abstract: A system and method for reconstructing single photon emission computed tomography data acquired with a pinhole collimator includes sub-dividing each voxel in the imaging target object space into sub-voxels and sub-dividing each of the detector bins in the gamma camera detector into sub-bins, connecting the centers of each of the sub-voxels to each of the detector sub-bins through a pinhole provided in the pinhole collimator by ray tracing and for each ray connecting the centers of each of the sub-voxels to each of the detector sub-bins, the transmission probability is calculated by analytically solving the intersections between the ray and the pinhole surfaces. Then, a geometric-response-function of the pinhole collimator is computed which is then convolved with the intrinsic-response-function of the detector to obtain the PSF.

Abstract: Determining the position of a radioactive source in a PET system. Detecting a scatter coincidence event characterized by a full-energy photon detected at a first detector and partial-energy photon at a second detector. Measuring the arrival time difference between the partial energy photon and the full energy photon. Measuring the energy of the partial-energy photon. Determining a scattering point as a function of the position of the first detector, the position of the second detector, the energy of the partial-energy photon, the energy of an unscattered photon, the mass of a scattering electron, and the speed of light. Determining the position of a radioactive PET source along a line between the scatter point and the first detector as a function of the distance between scatter point and the first detector, the distance between scatter point and the second detector, and the measured time difference.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for detecting the presence of hydrocarbons near an unmanned offshore oil platform. The method steps include monitoring reflected atmospheric and thermal radiation, detecting the presence of hydrocarbons, and generating an alert based on the presence of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A method and device for detecting, differentiating from background and providing partial identification (i.e., classification) for biological particles found in aerosols or surface dust. The method is based on the phenomenon that luminescent excitation-emission (EEM) graphs of microorganisms obtained before and after perturbation by irradiation with ultraviolet light show characteristic patterns which differ according to the type of particle. For example, Bacillus endospores may be distinguished from vegetative bacteria, and gram positive vegetative bacteria may be distinguished from gram negative bacteria, and all these may be distinguished from many types of background particles, e.g. house dust, road dust, and pollen.

Abstract: Method and device for measuring the multi-dimensional distribution of optical characteristics of an object, by carrying out the following operations: illumination of the object by means of a pulsed light source; and acquisition of an image by modulated detection of light rays coming from the object consecutively to the illumination, the detection being modulated according to an acquisition modulation function G(t) which is continuous, non-sinusoidal and temporal, the acquisition taking place outside the phase of illumination by the light source.

Abstract: An image forming method, includes a charging step of charging an image carrier; an image writing step of writing image data onto the image carrier; a developing step of developing a latent image area written by the image writing step on the image carrier; a transferring step of transferring a toner image developed by the developing step to a transferring member; an image writing position adjusting step of detecting a position of the image carrier where the image is written in a case where designated conditions are satisfied, and of adjusting an image writing position; and a voltage output control step of controlling voltages applied for charging, developing, and transferring in the charging step, the developing step, and the transferring step, respectively.

Abstract: A probe for detecting K-alpha photon emissions. A housing has an aperture at an end. A detector crystal is situated within the housing adjacent to the housing aperture. An energy conversion device is situated within the housing between the detector crystal and the aperture. The energy conversion device is made from a predetermined material configured to convert energy directed through the housing aperture from a source of primary photon emission radiation to a corresponding secondary K-alpha emission within a predetermined emission energy acceptance window. A power supply is coupled to the detector crystal and is configured to establish a polarized electrical field between the anode and the cathode of the detector crystal. The detector crystal receives the K-alpha emission and generates an electrical signal representative of the amount of target emissions received through the housing aperture.

Abstract: A device can be made operable to distinguish between materials impinging on a predefined area based at least in part on differentials within sets of data indicative of measurable characteristics of the materials impinging on the defined area. Such a device can trigger a protection mechanism based at least in part on identification of such differentials.

Abstract: Compact tunable optical cavities are provided for in-situ NIR spectroscopy. MEMS-tunable VCSEL platforms represents a solid foundation for a new class of compact, sensitive and fiber compatible sensors for fieldable, real-time, multiplexed gas detection systems. Detection limits for gases with NIR cross-sections such as O2, CH4, COx and NOx have been predicted to approximately span from 10ths to 10s of parts per million. Exemplary oxygen detection design and a process for 760 nm continuously tunable VCSELS is provided. This technology enables in-situ self-calibrating platforms with adaptive monitoring by exploiting Photonic FPGAs.

Abstract: A downhole tool for performing measurement of a formation. The tool comprising a housing surrounding a source for generating neutrons and a detector for detecting the neutrons. A shield is located outside of, or embedded in, the housing and focuses the neutrons.

Abstract: Disclosed is a low-luminance imaging device using a silicon photomultiplier, which includes a first optical portion for collecting incident light, the silicon photomultiplier including a plurality of microcells so that photons of collected light are converted into photoelectrons which are then multiplied, a phosphor screen for converting the multiplied photoelectrons into photons, a second optical portion for transferring the converted photons, and an image sensor for picking-up the transferred photons thus obtaining an image, so that the imaging device has a high photomultiplication factor thereby obtaining an image having good image quality even at low luminance and achieving a low bias voltage and a small size.