Abstract: A rack housing that holds a plurality of insertion components includes a plurality of insertion positions that hold the plurality of insertion components in a first area of the rack housing adjacent to a first housing side, a reduced pressure shaft in a second area of the rack housing adjacent to the first area, wherein between the reduced pressure shaft and the insertion components, first openings are provided to thereby remove air heated by the insertion components into the reduced pressure shaft, at least two second openings that suction off heated air from the reduced pressure shaft, and at least two non-return arrangements located in the reduced pressure shaft and correlated to the two second openings, the non-return arrangements preventing entry of air through the correlated second opening if no air is suctioned off through this second opening.

Abstract: A modular server system includes a plurality of server groups, wherein each server group is adapted to receive a plurality of server modules, and a plurality of I/O groups, wherein each I/O group is adapted to receive a plurality of I/O components and includes a switching arrangement with at least one switch element, wherein each of the plurality of I/O groups is allocated to exactly one of the plurality of server groups, the switch arrangement of each I/O group is directly coupled by a data link to each of the plurality of I/O components of the I/O group, the switch arrangement of each I/O group is directly coupled by a data link to each of the plurality of server modules of the server group allocated to the I/O group, and the switch arrangement of each I/O group is coupled by a data link to at least one other switch arrangement of another I/O group.

Abstract: A rack housing that holds a plurality of insertion components includes a plurality of insertion positions that hold the plurality of insertion components in a first area of the rack housing adjacent to a first housing side, a reduced pressure shaft in a second area of the rack housing adjacent to the first area, wherein between the reduced pressure shaft and the insertion components, first openings are provided to thereby remove air heated by the insertion components into the reduced pressure shaft, at least two second openings that suction off heated air from the reduced pressure shaft, and at least two non-return arrangements located in the reduced pressure shaft and correlated to the two second openings, the non-return arrangements preventing entry of air through the correlated second opening if no air is suctioned off through this second opening.

Abstract: A server device includes: electronic devices; a housing that houses the electronic devices; at least one fan; air volume control units configured to adjust a volume of cooling airflow which is generated by rotation of the at least one fan and is ventilated through the electronic devices by opening and closing of respective valves; a valve opening control unit configured to control valve opening degrees of the air volume control units so that temperatures inside the electronic devices become a given target temperature; a fan control unit configured to run the at least one fan at a fan rotating speed that achieves a volume of cooling airflow to make temperatures inside the electronic devices become the given target temperature at a valve opening degree higher than the valve opening degrees that the valve opening control unit controls.

Abstract: The cooling arrangement for a server rack for accommodating a plurality of plug-in components includes a vertically running coolant air channel, having a plurality of air intake openings and a common exhaust air opening. Air intake openings can each be connected to an air outlet opening of a plug-in component, whereby the corresponding air intake opening is assigned to plug-in component. Air intake openings each have a throttle element for varying their air passage cross section.

Abstract: A dependency controller and method for overlapping memory access operations whose addresses carry an identifier, in which controller the addresses which have not yet been processed are stored under the identifier and a comparison of each new address with all the stored addresses is used to produce and store a dependency vector whose bits are allocated to the identifiers and are deleted by the identifier when memory access has been completed.

Abstract: A device for the in vivo determination of an optical property of the aqueous humor in the anterior chamber of the eye includes a light source to irradiate light along a primary-side light path into the anterior chamber of an eye. A detector is provided, in order to detect light issuing from the anterior chamber along a secondary-side light path. A signal processing unit is provided to determine the optical properties on the basis of the measured signal of the detector. A routine in vivo examination of the aqueous humor of the eye, with minor inconvenience to the patient, can be achieved due to the fact that the device can be easily positioned in front of the eye. The central rays of the primary-side light path and of the secondary-side light path form, with the normals to surface of the cornea bordering the anterior chamber, an angle (.alpha., .beta.) such that the detector detects light reflected from the front interface of the eye lens.

Abstract: The invention relates to a Raman spectrometer connected by a bundle of optical fibers with an external probe to be attached on the surface of the sample with a laser beam for the excitation of Raman radiation within the sample with the laser radiation transported to the sample by one or several central optical fibers and with a collecting element which collects the Raman radiation of the sample and sends it through the optical fiber bundle to a Raman spectrometer to be analyzed. Upon the end of the optical fiber bundle different collecting elements may be attached with the transparent optical elements having the shape of a cylinder, a paraboloid or a truncated sphere. Thus, the spectrometer can be simply adapted to different samples for optimal collection of Raman light.

Abstract: A method of optically measuring volatile impurities in contaminated medium using a combination of a distillation process with head space analysis. The method uses a hydrophobic extracting membrane at the surface of an internal reflection element (an optical fiber or an attenuated total reflection crystal). The hydrophobic analytes are extracted into the extracting membrane, from the contaminated medium. By heating the contaminated medium to form a vapor and cooling the sensor element surrounded by the extracting membrane this invention significantly reduces the limit of detection by between two and three orders of magnitude from the prior art. The distillation aspect of the method also serves to protect the extracting membrane surrounding the sensor from damage by the mechanical impurities in the contaminated medium.

Abstract: Light-transmitting plastic and/or glass bottles are tested at a station where selected portions of their internal surfaces scatter radiation issuing from a beam of monochromatic radiation. The scattered radiation is intercepted and monitored for the generation of signals which denote the presence or absence of impurities on the selected portions of the internal surfaces and/or certain substances in the walls adjacent the selected portions of the internal surfaces of tested bottles. Such signals are processed, and the processed signals are utilized to classify the bottles according to their defects and/or to segregate unsatisfactory bottles from acceptable bottles and/or to segregate glass bottles from plastic bottles and/or to classify satisfactory plastic bottles in accordance with the nature of their plastic materials. The scattered radiation can constitute Raman, Rayleigh and/or fluorescence radiation.

Abstract: An arrangement for optical measuring concentration of substances has a measuring space which is composed of a material selectively permeable for particles to be measured, acting back on the particles and transparent for a measuring radiation, and a measuring space is arranged in working connection with the object to be measured and the measuring radiation passes through the measuring space. The measuring space has a layer that is a water-insoluble solvent or made of poly(ethylene terephthalate) or polytetrafluoroethylene. The layer excludes a reaction from the particles to be measured.

Abstract: The invention relates to an arrangement for measuring the concentration of gaseous and/or vaporous components of a fluid mixture by means of light absorption such as by means of an infrared absorption by utilizing a membrane which is made of a material in which the component of the fluid mixture to be measured accumulates. The membrane is transparent to the measuring radiation and is selectively permeable for the particles of the compounds to be measured. The membrane further acts on the radiation path between the light source and the detector. The arrangement is improved with respect to selectivity and the detection sensitivity. This is achieved in that the membrane is mounted in the flow path of the fluid mixture such that the flow path is subdivided into two component paths at the surfaces of the membrane.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sample arrangement for spectrometry, especially Raman spectrometry, with an essentially spherical sample container of transparent material, in the center of which the sample is arranged, and a procedure for the measurement of luminescence and scattering, e.g. chemiluminescence, fluorescence, phosphorescence and Raman scattering as well as absorption wherein the sample arrangement is placed in the optical paths of an in principle known spectrometer.