Abstract: Interleukin-2 (IL-2) conjugates comprising at least one or more amino acid substitutions that bias binding to the IL-2 receptor ??c dimer over binding the IL-2 receptor ???c trimer and a non-natural amino acid at or near the N-terminus conjugated to a water-soluble polymer are described. The IL-2 conjugates are useful for treatment and prevention of cell proliferation and cancer in a patient.

Abstract: Interleukin-2 (IL-2) conjugates comprising at least one or more amino acid substitutions that bias binding to the IL-2 receptor ??c dimer over binding the IL-2 receptor ???c trimer and a non-natural amino acid at or near the N-terminus conjugated to a water-soluble polymer are described. The IL-2 conjugates are useful for treatment and prevention of cell proliferation and cancer in a patient.

Abstract: Interleukin-2 (IL-2) conjugates comprising at least one or more amino acid substitutions that bias binding to the IL-2 receptor ??c dimer over binding the IL-2 receptor ???c trimer and a non-natural amino acid at or near the N-terminus conjugated to a water-soluble polymer are described. The IL-2 conjugates are useful for treatment and prevention of cell proliferation and cancer in a patient.

Abstract: The present invention includes a human LAG3 functional assay using a Jurkat T-cell lymphoma cell line engineered to overexpress LAG3 at an optimal level relative to CD3. The assay is useful, for example, for determining the immunostimulatory properties of LAG3 modulators (e.g., inhibitors or activators). The optimized LAG3/CD3 ratio ensures expression of optimal receptor components on the T-cell and, thus, superior assay sensitivity. Immunostimulation of the T-cells can be measured, for example, by following cytokine (e.g., IL-2) production. The optimized T-cell line forms part of the present invention along with compositions generated with use of the assay.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds, compositions, and methods for the study, diagnosis, and treatment of traits, diseases and conditions that respond to the modulation of gene expression and/or activity, and/or modulate a gene expression pathway. Specifically, the invention relates to double-stranded nucleic acid molecules including small nucleic acid molecules, such as short interfering nucleic acid (siNA) molecules that are capable of mediating or that mediate RNA interference (RNAi) against target gene expression.

Abstract: Single-stranded RNA molecules comprise one or more internal, non-nucleotide spacers, covalently linked with nucleotide portions of the molecule are provided. The single-stranded RNA molecules function as guide or antisense strands that are capable of inhibiting gene expression via an RNA interference mechanism, and thus represent single-stranded RNAi agents. The single-stranded RNAi molecules can be used in methods for a variety of therapeutic, diagnostic, target validation, genomic discovery, genetic engineering, and pharmacogenomic applications.

Abstract: Single-stranded RNA molecules comprise one or more internal, non-nucleotide spacers, covalently linked with nucleotide portions of the molecule are provided. The single-stranded RNA molecules function as guide or antisense strands that are capable of inhibiting gene expression via an RNA interference mechanism, and thus represent single-stranded RNAi agents. The single-stranded RNAi molecules can be used in methods for a variety of therapeutic, diagnostic, target validation, genomic discovery, genetic engineering, and pharmacogenomic applications.

Abstract: The present invention provides, for the first time, nucleic acids encoding a eukaryotic mechanosensory transduction channel (MSC) protein. The proteins encoded by these nucleic acids form channels that can directly detect mechanical stimuli and convert them into electrical signals. These nucleic acids and the proteins they encode can be used as probes for sensory cells in animals, and can be used to diagnose and treat any of a number of human conditions involving inherited, casual, or environmentally-induced loss of mechanosensory transduction activity.

Abstract: The present invention provides, for the first time, nucleic acids encoding a eukaryotic mechanosensory transduction channel (MSC) protein. The proteins encoded by these nucleic acids form channels that can directly detect mechanical stimuli and convert them into electrical signals. These nucleic acids and the proteins they encode can be used as probes for sensory cells in animals, and can be used to diagnose and treat any of a number of human conditions involving inherited, casual, or environmentally-induced loss of mechanosensory transduction activity.

Abstract: The present invention provides, for the first time, nucleic acids encoding a eukaryotic mechanosensory transduction channel (MSC) protein. The proteins encoded by these nucleic acids form channels that can directly detect mechanical stimuli and convert them into electrical signals. These nucleic acids and the proteins they encode can be used as probes for sensory cells in animals, and can be used to diagnose and treat any of a number of human conditions involving inherited, casual, or environmentally-induced loss of mechanosensory transduction activity.

Abstract: The present invention provides, for the first time, nucleic acids encoding a eukaryotic mechanosensory transduction channel (MSC) protein. The proteins encoded by these nucleic acids form channels that can directly detect mechanical stimuli and convert them into electrical signals. These nucleic acids and the proteins they encode can be used as probes for sensory cells in animals, and can be used to diagnose and treat any of a number of human conditions involving inherited, casual, or environmentally-induced loss of mechanosensory transduction activity.