Abstract: In a method and apparatus for determining information concerning the presence of ingredients with oxygen demand in a liquid sample, especially for determining the chemical oxygen demand of a liquid sample, especially a water, or wastewater, sample, by means of electrochemical oxidation of ingredients of the liquid sample, oxidation of ingredients of the liquid sample occurs on a boron doped, diamond electrode.

Abstract: A method for determining and/or monitoring at least one process variable of a medium by the utilization of at least of an electrochemical sensor comprising at least a first reference half cell and a second reference half cell, and comprising the method steps as follows: measuring a first electrical measured variable X1, cont with a first measuring period t1, meas and a first measuring interval t1, int with reference to the first reference half cell; measuring at least a second electrical measured variable X2, discont with a second measuring period t2, meas and a second measuring interval t2, int with reference to the second reference half cell; wherein the second measuring interval t2, int is greater than the first measuring interval t1, int; and determining the at least one process variable from at least one electrical measured variable X1, cont or X2, discont. Furthermore, the invention relates to an electrochemical sensor and to a system.

Abstract: An absorption measurement system, flexibly usable over a large measuring range, for measuring at least one property of a medium reflected in its absorption behavior, especially a property such as an absorption coefficient (?). The absorption measurement system comprises: a measuring chamber filled with the medium in measurement operation, in which radiatable beam paths usable as measuring paths and of different lengths, extend completely through the medium; a transmitting unit, which transmits radiation along the measuring paths through measuring chamber in measurement operation; a measuring and receiving unit, which receives radiation passing through measuring chamber on the measuring paths and measures its radiation intensities dependent on the property of the medium and the lengths of the measuring paths; and a measuring electronics, which determines the property based on the measured radiation intensities and the lengths of measuring paths.

Abstract: An absorption measurement system, flexibly usable over a large measuring range, for measuring at least one property of a medium reflected in its absorption behavior, especially a property such as an absorption coefficient (?). The absorption measurement system comprises: a measuring chamber filled with the medium in measurement operation, in which radiatable beam paths usable as measuring paths and of different lengths, extend completely through the medium; a transmitting unit, which transmits radiation along the measuring paths through measuring chamber in measurement operation; a measuring and receiving unit, which receives radiation passing through measuring chamber on the measuring paths and measures its radiation intensities dependent on the property of the medium and the lengths of the measuring paths; and a measuring electronics, which determines the property based on the measured radiation intensities and the lengths of measuring paths.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining a property of a medium, the apparatus including: a light source in a housing, for irradiating a space along a measuring path; a receiver in a housing, for registering intensity of light which has traversed the measuring path; wherein the measuring path enters through a first window section in a wall of the housing of the light source into the space, and wherein the measuring path leaves from the space through a second window section in a wall of the housing of the receiver. A medium to be measured is introducible in such a manner into the space, that the measuring path for a media measurement extends through the measured medium. At least one reference absorber, which is introducible at times into the space; and wherein the measuring path for at least one reference measurement extends through the reference absorber, when the reference absorber is brought into the space.

Abstract: In a method and apparatus for determining information concerning the presence of ingredients with oxygen demand in a liquid sample, especially for determining the chemical oxygen demand of a liquid sample, especially a water, or wastewater, sample, by means of electrochemical oxidation of ingredients of the liquid sample, oxidation of ingredients of the liquid sample occurs on a boron doped, diamond electrode.

Abstract: The contents of a liquid medium are determined using a light source and an optical detector, for example a spectrometer. A longitudinally displaceable piston sucks the medium into a cylindrical glass measuring chamber and evacuates the liquid from the chamber. At least one measuring beam is directed through the medium, and at least one reference beam is directed outside the medium. The piston has cleaning/sealing rings mounted on its outer periphery which rub against an inner surface of the glass measuring chamber as the piston travels, to clean the surface.

Abstract: The contents of a liquid medium are determined using a light source and an optical detector, for example a spectrometer. A longitudinally displaceable piston sucks the medium into a cylindrical glass measuring chamber and evacuates the liquid from the chamber. At least one measuring beam is directed through the medium, and at least one reference beam is directed outside the medium. The piston has cleaning/sealing rings mounted on its outer periphery which rub against an inner surface of the glass measuring chamber as the piston travels, to clean the surface.