Abstract: A pre-vapor formulation of an e-vaping device including a vapor former, nicotine, sugars or polysaccharide carbohydrates, an oxidant, and a base. A method of increasing stability of ingredients of a pre-vapor formulation includes mixing a vapor former, nicotine, sugars and/or polysaccharide carbohydrates, an oxidant and an added base, catalyzing a reaction between the sugars or polysaccharide carbohydrates, the oxidant and the base, and generating acids via a reaction therebetween, wherein a concentration of the nicotine in a vapor phase of the vapor is equal to or smaller than substantially 1% by weight.

Abstract: A pre-vaporization formulation pre-vaporization formulation for an e-vaping device, the pre-vaporization formulation including a vapor former including a combination of propylene glycol and glycerol, and an additive including at least one of capsicum, allyl isothiocyanate, piperine, isoeugenol, carvacrol, thymol, menthol, monomenthyl succinate, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,3-dimethyl-2-isopropyl butanamide, horseradish oil, garlic extract, onion oil, black pepper, cayenne pepper, ginger oil, thyme oil, cinnamon bark oil, turmeric, fenugreek, cardamom, rosemary extract, grapefruit oil and andrographis extract.

Abstract: A liquid aerosol formulation for an electronic smoking article includes an aerosol former, optionally water, nicotine, and an acid. The acid can include one or more of pyruvic acid, formic acid, oxalic acid, glycolic acid, acetic acid, isovaleric acid, valeric acid, propionic acid, octanoic acid, lactic acid, levulinic acid, sorbic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, oleic acid, aconitic acid, butyric acid, cinnamic acid, decanoic acid, 3,7-diemthyl-6-octenoic acid, 1-glutamic acid, heptanoic acid, hexanoic acid, 3-hexenoic acid, trans-2-hexenoic acid, isobutyric acid, lauric acid, 2-methylbutyric acid, 2-methylvaleric acid, myristic acid, nonanoic acid, palmitic acid, 4-pentenoic acid, phenylacetic acid, 3-phenylpropionic acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid.

Abstract: A method of forming a film is provided. Nanoparticles are deposited on a surface of a substrate using a liquid deposition process. The nanoparticles are linked to each other and to the surface using linker molecules. A coating having a surface energy of less than 70 dyne/cm is deposited over the film to form a coated film. The coated film has an RMS surface roughness of 25 nm to 500 nm, a film coverage of 25% to 60%, a surface energy of less than 70 dyne/cm; and a durability of 10 to 5000 microNewtons. Depending on the particular environment in which the film is to be used, a durability of 10 to 500 microNewtons may be preferred. A film thickness 3 to 100 times the RMS surface roughness of the film is preferred.