Abstract: An apparatus, a system, and a communication device. The apparatus includes a substrate and a circuit formed on the substrate. The circuit includes a first transformer having first input nodes and first output nodes. The circuit further includes a second transformer having second input nodes and second output nodes. The first input nodes of the first transformer and the second input nodes of the second transformer are connected. At least one first output node of the first output nodes of the first transformer and at least one second output node of the second output nodes of the second transformer are connected. The circuit further includes a first capacitor connected to one of the first output nodes of the first transformer and to one of the second output nodes of the second transformer. The first capacitor is connected to a first ground.

Abstract: A system includes a first circuit configured to provide a digitally pre-distorted input signal, a digital-to-analog converter including a number of unit elements, a digital input, and a digital output. Each unit element is configured to receive a reference voltage and to be controllable by a control signal provided in response to the digitally pre-distorted input signal. The digital-to-analog converter provides an analog output. The first circuit is configured to reduce distortion due to signal dependent changes to the reference voltage. The signal dependent changes can be due at least in part to current through the supply network that supplies the reference voltage. The digital to analog converter can be a voltage mode converter.

Abstract: A circuit for inductive peaking may include a driver, an inverter, a resistor between an output node of the driver and an input node of the inverter and a switch. For example, a first node of the resistor may be connected to the output node of the driver and a second node of the resistor may be connected to the input node of the inverter. The switch may be connected between an output node of the inverter and the first node of the resistor. An input node of the driver may correspond to an input node of the circuit and the output node of the driver may correspond to an output node of the circuit.

Abstract: Systems and methods provide a fractional signal from a delta sigma modulator to a summer, a combination of an integer value and the fractional signal to a divider, and a divided clock signal from the divider in response to the combination and the input clock signal. The systems and methods also delay the divided clock signal in response to a truncation phase error and gain calibration factor from a calibration unit to provide an output clock signal having equal periods.

Abstract: Systems and methods provide a fractional signal from a delta sigma modulator to a summer, a combination of an integer value and the fractional signal to a divider, and a divided clock signal from the divider in response to the combination and the input clock signal. The systems and methods also delay the divided clock signal in response to a truncation phase error and gain calibration factor from a calibration unit to provide an output clock signal having equal periods.

Abstract: A system includes a digital-to-analog converter comprising a plurality of unit elements, and a dynamic element matching encoder coupled to the digital-to-analog converter. The dynamic element matching encoder includes a circuit configured to determine a number of unit elements of a digital-to-analog converter to be transitioned (Ntm), determine a first number of unit elements to be turned on, and determine a second number of unit elements to be turned off. The circuit may further generate a first signal identifying individual unit elements of one or more unit elements of the digital-to-analog converter in the off state to be turned on, and a second signal identifying the individual unit elements of one or more unit elements of the digital-to-analog converter in the on state to be turned off.

Abstract: Systems and methods provide a fractional signal from a delta sigma modulator to a summer, a combination of an integer value and the fractional signal to a divider, and a divided clock signal from the divider in response to the combination and the input clock signal. The systems and methods also delay the divided clock signal in response to a truncation phase error and gain calibration factor from a calibration unit to provide an output clock signal having equal periods.

Abstract: A time-interleaved clock circuit, including circuitry to provide multiple clock components of a sampling clock. The clock components are corrected by averaging pairs of the multiple clock components in order to output averaged signals. The time-interleaved clock is applied to data conversion in which input signals of the analog signal domain or of the digital signal domain are sampled based on the corrected clock components and converted to the digital signal domain or the analog signal domain, respectively.

Abstract: A time-interleaved clock circuit, including circuitry to provide multiple clock components of a sampling clock. The clock components are corrected by averaging pairs of the multiple clock components in order to output averaged signals. The time-interleaved clock is applied to data conversion in which input signals of the analog signal domain or of the digital signal domain are sampled based on the corrected clock components and converted to the digital signal domain or the analog signal domain, respectively.

Abstract: Multiplexing circuitry and method for driving multiplexing circuits are provided. A circuit includes a multiplexer circuit having symmetrical data input paths driven by a half-rate clock signal and a first stage multiplexing circuit configured to provide input signals to the multiplexer circuit. The first stage multiplexing circuit is driven by quadrature clocks to generate time-shifted data.

Abstract: A communication system may include a number of communication channels operating in accordance with one or more communication standards. The channels may generate data clocks from one or more master clock signals. The phase of the data clocks may be aligned using phase detectors for determining respective phase relationships and using phase interpolators for adjusting respective clock phases. The communication system may include communication channels that operate at different data clock frequencies. These systems may divide their respective data clocks in order to achieve a common clock frequency for use in their phase alignment. The phase detectors and associated circuitry may be disabled to save power when not in use.

Abstract: An apparatus for driving a load using a low supply voltage includes a voltage-mode driver and a current source arrangement. The voltage-mode driver provides a desired termination impedance and a first portion of a desired output current to the load. The current source arrangement provides a second portion of the desired output current. The desired output current generates a predetermined voltage swing across the load, while the voltage-mode driver and the current source arrangement are powered by the low supply voltage.

Abstract: A digital-to-analog converter (DAC) includes a plurality of segments, wherein the plurality of segments includes a first segment electronically coupled to each of the plurality of segments, wherein the first segment includes a predetermined number of most significant bits (MSB), a second segment electronically coupled to each of the plurality of segments, wherein the second segment includes a first predetermined number of least significant bits (LSB), and a third segment electronically coupled with each of the plurality of segments, wherein the third segment includes a second predetermined number of LSBs. Additionally, the DAC includes an all logic implementation.

Abstract: A time-interleaved digital-to-analog converter (DAC) architecture is provided. The DAC architecture includes a multiplexer/encoder configured to receive a data signal and to generate a plurality of data streams based on the data signal. First and second DAC circuits receive respective first and second data streams of the plurality of data streams and selectively process the respective first and second data streams to generate a respective DAC output signal. The respective DAC output signals of the first and second DAC circuits are coupled together to provide an output signal of the DAC architecture.

Abstract: A low-power high-swing current-mode logic (CML) driver circuit includes a first differential-pair and a second differential-pair. The first differential-pair includes first transistors, and is coupled to a first voltage supply that supplies a first voltage. The second differential-pair includes second transistors, and a common node of the second differential-pair is coupled to a second voltage supply. The second voltage supply supplies a second voltage that is higher than the first voltage. Control terminals of the first transistors are coupled to control terminals of the second transistors to form input nodes of the driver circuit.

Abstract: An apparatus for driving a load using a low supply voltage includes a voltage-mode driver and a current source arrangement. The voltage-mode driver provides a desired termination impedance and a first portion of a desired output current to the load. The current source arrangement provides a second portion of the desired output current. The desired output current generates a predetermined voltage swing across the load, while the voltage-mode driver and the current source arrangement are powered by the low supply voltage.

Abstract: A communication system may include a number of communication channels operating in accordance with one or more communication standards. The channels may generate data clocks from one or more master clock signals. The phase of the data clocks may be aligned using phase detectors for determining respective phase relationships and using phase interpolators for adjusting respective clock phases. The communication system may include communication channels that operate at different data clock frequencies. These systems may divide their respective data clocks in order to achieve a common clock frequency for use in their phase alignment. The phase detectors and associated circuitry may be disabled to save power when not in use.

Abstract: A communication system may include a number of communication channels operating in accordance with one or more communication standards. The channels may generate data clocks from one or more master clock signals. The phase of the data clocks may be aligned using phase detectors for determining respective phase relationships and using phase interpolators for adjusting respective clock phases. The communication system may include communication channels that operate at different data clock frequencies. These systems may divide their respective data clocks in order to achieve a common clock frequency for use in their phase alignment. The phase detectors and associated circuitry may be disabled to save power when not in use.

Abstract: A clock driver includes a clock interconnect running to multiple lanes of an integrated circuit chip, the interconnect including a positive clock line and a negative clock line. A clock generator generates a clock signal and a source inductor, through which the clock generator draws DC power, helps drive the clock signal down the interconnect. The source inductor may be tunable. A distributed (or tunable) inductor is connected to and positioned along the positive and negative clock lines between the source inductor and an end of the interconnect. Multiple distributed inductors may be positioned and optionally tuned such as to create a resonant response in the clock signal with substantially similar quality and amplitude as delivered to the multiple lanes. Any of the distributed and source inductors may be switchable to change inductance of the distributed inductors and thus change the clock frequency in the lanes for different communication standards.

Abstract: A communication system may include a number of communication channels operating in accordance with one or more communication standards. The channels may generate data clocks from one or more master clock signals. The phase of the data clocks may be aligned using phase detectors for determining respective phase relationships and using phase interpolators for adjusting respective clock phases. The communication system may include communication channels that operate at different data clock frequencies. These systems may divide their respective data clocks in order to achieve a common clock frequency for use in their phase alignment. The phase detectors and associated circuitry may be disabled to save power when not in use.