Abstract: A method of generating a three-dimensional virtual model of an intraoral object includes capturing, by an intraoral scanner for performing intraoral scans, surface scan data of the intraoral object while changing a position of at least one lens of focusing optics of the intraoral scanner, wherein the surface scan data comprises depth data for a plurality of points of the intraoral object. The method further includes adjusting the depth data for one or more of the plurality of points based at least in part on a value associated with a temperature of at least a portion of the imaging apparatus. The method further includes generating the three-dimensional virtual model of the intraoral object using the adjusted depth data.

Abstract: Provided herein are devices and methods generating a panoramic rendering of a subject's teeth. Methods and processes are provided to image the subject's teeth with a dental scan. Methods and processes are also provided to automatically 3D render the subject's teeth with the scan images. Methods and apparatuses are also provided to generate simulated panoramic views of the subject's dentition from various perspectives.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses (including systems and devices), including computer-implemented methods for segmenting, correcting and/or modifying a three-dimensional (3D) model of a subject's oral cavity to determine individual components such as teeth, gingiva, tongue, palate, etc., that may be selective and/or collectively digitally manipulated. In some implementations, artificial intelligence uses libraries of labeled 2D images and 3D dental models to learn how to segment a 3D dental model of a subject's oral cavity using 2D images, height map and/or other data and projection values that relate the 2D images to the 3D model. As noted herein, the dental classes can include a variety of intra-oral and extra-oral objects and can be represented as binary values, discrete values, a continuum of height map data, etc. In some implementations, several dental classes are predicted concurrently.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses (including systems and devices) for modifying a three-dimensional (3D) model of a subject's oral cavity to determine individual components such as teeth, gingiva, tongue, palate, etc. In some implementations one or more automated machine learning agents may modify one or more subsets of 3D models of the subject's oral cavity using height map data to identify, segment and/or modify to mesh regions of a 3D model constructed from a plurality of 2D images of the subject's dental cavity.

Abstract: In embodiments, a first 3D model of a patient's teeth based on first intraoral scan data taken at a first time is processed to recognize the teeth in the first 3D model. A second 3D model of the patient's teeth based on second intraoral scan data taken at a second time is processed to recognize the teeth in the second 3D model. The first 3D model is compared to the second 3D model and a plurality of AOIs in the second virtual 3D model representative of at least one of tooth wear, tooth breakage, tooth movement, gingival recession or gingival swelling are determined based on the comparison. The teeth recognized in the first 3D model are compared to the teeth recognized in the second 3D model, and one or more AOIs in the second virtual 3D model representative of tooth wear or tooth breakage are determined based on the comparison.

Abstract: Methods and systems for scanning an intraoral cavity of a patient provide capturing one or more viewfinder images of the intraoral cavity and scanning the intraoral cavity with an intraoral scanner to generate one or more topography scans of the intraoral cavity. The one or more topography scans may correspond to the one or more viewfinder images. The methods and systems further provide capturing a viewfinder image of a portion of the intraoral cavity, the viewfinder image overlapping with the one or more viewfinder images. An area of overlap of the viewfinder image with the one or more viewfinder images can be determined. One or more indicators of the area of overlap can be displayed on one or more locations of a display in order to provide guidance for positioning a field of view of the intraoral scanner.

Abstract: A processing device receive intraoral scan data comprising a plurality of intraoral images of a dental site generated during scanning of the dental site by an intraoral scanner, one or more ink markings or other non-rigid indicia having been applied to the dental site prior to the scanning of the dental site, wherein at least two intraoral images of the plurality of intraoral images comprise representations of the one or more ink markings or other non-rigid indica.

Abstract: In an implementation, a processing device receives first intraoral scan data generated at a first time and analyzes the first intraoral scan data to determine a first representation of a caries from the first intraoral scan data. The processing device receives second intraoral scan data generated at a second time and analyzes the second intraoral scan data to determine a second representation of the caries from the second intraoral scan data. The processing device compares the second representation of the caries to the first representation of the caries and tracks the caries over time based on a difference between the second representation of the caries and the first representation of the caries.

Abstract: In embodiments, a first 3D model of a patient's teeth based on first intraoral scan data taken at a first time is processed to recognize the teeth in the first 3D model. A second 3D model of the patient's teeth based on second intraoral scan data taken at a second time is processed to recognize the teeth in the second 3D model. The first 3D model is compared to the second 3D model and a plurality of AOIs in the second virtual 3D model representative of at least one of tooth wear, tooth breakage, tooth movement, gingival recession or gingival swelling are determined based on the comparison. The teeth recognized in the first 3D model are compared to the teeth recognized in the second 3D model, and one or more AOIs in the second virtual 3D model representative of tooth wear or tooth breakage are determined based on the comparison.

Abstract: An apparatus is described for measuring surface topography of a patient's teeth. The apparatus may include an optical probe, a light source configured to generate incident light, and focusing optics configured to focus the incident light to a focal plane external to the optical probe, wherein the focal plane is a diagonal focal plane that is non-orthogonal to a direction of propagation of the incident light. The apparatus may further include a light sensor configured to measure a characteristic of returned light generated by illuminating the patient's teeth with the incident light, and a processing unit operable to determine the surface topography of the patient's teeth based on the measured characteristic of the returned light.

Abstract: Methods and systems for scanning an intraoral cavity of a patient provide capturing one or more viewfinder images of the intraoral cavity and scanning the intraoral cavity with an intraoral scanner to generate one or more topography scans of the intraoral cavity. The one or more topography scans may correspond to the one or more viewfinder images. The methods and systems further provide capturing a viewfinder image of a portion of the intraoral cavity, the viewfinder image overlapping with the one or more viewfinder images. An area of overlap of the viewfinder image with the one or more viewfinder images can be determined. One or more indicators of the area of overlap can be displayed on one or more locations of a display in order to provide guidance for positioning a field of view of the intraoral scanner.

Abstract: Data from an intraoral scan is received, the data comprising a plurality of intraoral images of a dental site. At least two intraoral images are identified that comprise a representation of at least a portion of a non-rigid object that was affixed to the dental site at a target area. Image registration is performed between the at least two intraoral images using the non-rigid object identified in the at least two intraoral images. A 3D model of the dental site is generated based on the image registration. A representation of the non-rigid object is subtracted from the 3D model based on the known properties of the non-rigid object. A surface of a portion of the dental site is interpolated where the non-rigid object was located based on a) data for other portions of the dental site and b) the surface of the base of the non-rigid object.

Abstract: Apparatuses, including sleeves, intraoral scanning systems to use these sleeves, and methods of using the sleeve, that authenticate the sleeve for use with an intraoral scanning system. Authentication may include verifying that the sleeve is new (unused) and/or verifying that the sleeve is appropriate and/or intended for use with the intraoral scanning system. Once authenticated, operation parameters of the intraoral scanning system can be automatically set based on information from a scanned identifier on the sleeve.

Abstract: Embodiments for estimating a surface texture of a tooth are described herein. One method embodiment includes collecting a sequence of images utilizing multiple light conditions using an intra-oral imaging device and estimating the surface texture of the tooth based on the sequence of images.

Abstract: An apparatus is described for measuring surface topography of a three-dimensional structure. In many embodiments, the apparatus is configured to focus each of a plurality of light beams to a respective fixed focal position relative to the apparatus. The apparatus measures a characteristic of each of a plurality of returned light beams that are generated by illuminating the three-dimensional structure with the light beams. The characteristic is measured for a plurality of different positions and/or orientations between the apparatus and the three-dimensional structure. Surface topography of the three-dimensional structure is determined based at least in part on the measured characteristic of the returned light beams for the plurality of different positions and/or orientations between the apparatus and the three-dimensional structure.

Abstract: A method of using AR for dentistry and orthodontics is provided. An image of a dental arch is received, the image having been generated by an image capture device associated with an augmented reality (AR) display. A processing device registers the image to previous image data associated with the dental arch, compares one or more areas of the dental arch from the image to one or more corresponding areas of the dental arch from the previous image data, determines a position of an area of interest on the dental arch based on the comparing, generates a visual overlay comprising an indication of the area of interest, and outputs the visual overlay to the AR display, wherein the visual overlay is superimposed over a view of the dental arch on the AR display at the position of the area of interest.

Abstract: A method of generating a three-dimensional virtual model of an intraoral object includes capturing, by an intraoral scanner for performing intraoral scans, surface scan data of the intraoral object while changing a position of at least one lens of focusing optics of the intraoral scanner, wherein the surface scan data comprises depth data for a plurality of points of the intraoral object. The method further includes adjusting the depth data for one or more of the plurality of points based at least in part on a value associated with a temperature of at least a portion of the imaging apparatus. The method further includes generating the three-dimensional virtual model of the intraoral object using the adjusted depth data.

Abstract: A processing device performs image registration between a plurality of intraoral images of a dental site. The processing device identifies a candidate intraoral area of interest from a first intraoral image of the plurality of intraoral images. The processing device verifies the candidate intraoral area of interest as an intraoral area of interest based on a comparison of a second intraoral image to the first intraoral image. The processing device displays a view of the dental site where the intraoral area of interest is hidden and an indication of the hidden intraoral area of interest is visible.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides computing device implemented methods, computing device readable media, and systems for motion compensation in a three dimensional scan. Motion compensation can include receiving three-dimensional (3D) scans of a dentition, estimating a motion trajectory from one scan to another, and calculating a corrected scan by compensating for the motion trajectory. Estimating the motion trajectory can include one or more of: registering a scan to another scan and determining whether an amount of movement between the scans is within a registration threshold; determining an optical flow based on local motion between consecutive two-dimensional (2D) images taken during the scan, estimating and improving a motion trajectory of a point in the scan using the optical flow; and estimating an amount of motion of a 3D scanner during the scan as a rigid body transformation based on input from a position tracking device.

Abstract: The current document is directed to methods and systems that provide semi-automated and automated training to technicians who use oral-cavity-imaging-and-modeling systems to accurately and efficiently generate three-dimensional models of patients' teeth and underlying tissues. The training methods and systems are implemented either as subsystems within oral-cavity-imaging-and-modeling systems or as separate system in electronic communication oral-cavity-imaging-and-modeling systems. The training methods and systems use an already generated, digital, three-dimensional model of a portion of the oral cavity of a particular patient or of a physical model of a portion of an oral cavity to compute a temporal, translational, and rotational trajectory of an oral-cavity-imaging-and-modeling endoscope, or wand, during a training scan. The temporal, translational, and rotational trajectory is used for a variety of different types of instruction and instructional feedback to facilitate training of technicians.