Abstract: Better mechanical properties are achieved with tubes for shell and tube heat exchangers by providing a coating on the tubes which is formed of fibers and a fluorine-containing polymer covering the fibers. The tubes are formed of fluorine-containing polymers whose use in heat exchangers is normally limited by the comparatively small compressive strength and fatigue resistance of the tubes.

Abstract: Carbon or graphite tubes which are mutually connected by an adhesive connection are less stressable than individual tubes. A sleeve formed of fibers and impregnated with a thermoplast is pulled onto the connection position. The new connection increases the stressability of connected tubes. The thermoplast limits the build up of stressing so that the reduction factor of the strength of the connection amounts only to 10 to 15%.

Abstract: Carbon or graphite tubes which are mutually connected by bonding are less highly stressable than individual tubes. A sleeve formed of fibers is drawn on to the connection location of the tubes. An intermediate section of the sleeve is firmly connected with the tubes. Foils are introduced between end sections of the sleeve and the tubes. The foils are displaceable in the direction of the tube axes. This structure increases the resistance of the connected tubes to stress. The strength reduction factor of the connection is about 10% as compared to the tubes alone.

Abstract: Tube bundle heat exchanger of graphite, in which a multiplicity of graphite tubes are set into the tube sheets and are joined to the sheets by screw or cement joints, characterized by the feature that each tube is surrounded by at least one group of graphite fiber bundles, the latter are connected to the tube in a force-locking manner, and the distance of adjacent fiber bundles is five to ten times the diameter of the graphite fiber bundle.

Abstract: Connecting rod of a composite material formed from reinforcement fibers wound in the form of an endless loop with constant cross-sectional shape and the fiber bundle enclosed by a jacket of aluminum.

Abstract: Vacuum support for a burst protection device of graphite, which support is a graphite disc formed by a multiplicity of graphite rings, each of which consists of at least two parts and has a prismatic cross section, the prism surfaces being inclined relative to the plane of the disc.

Abstract: Seal in a column with one or a plurality of trays in which the trays have at their periphery circular recesses in the form of a circular slot. Profiled seals resting against the wall of the column engage in the recesses. The trays have blind holes which at a distance from the periphery of the tray extending down through the circumferential surface through the circular slot. Locking means, preferably wedges, engage in the blind holes to press with adjustable pressure, the profiled seals against the wall of the column.