Abstract: There are disclosed methods and apparatus for measuring water content in tissue in-vivo, for example in sub-surface or sub-cutaneous tissue of a human or animal subject. The measurement may be made through diffusely scattering overlying tissue such as skin tissue, by: directing probe light to an entry region on a surface of the overlying tissue; collecting said probe light from a collection region on the surface of the overlying tissue, the collection region being spatially offset from the entry region, the collected probe light comprising probe light inelastically scattered into the Raman OH stretching bands by water present in the sub-surface tissue; detecting, in the collected probe light, one or more first spectral features of the probe light inelastically scattered into the Raman OH stretching bands; and measuring water content in the sub-surface tissue using the one or more first spectral features.

Abstract: A rotor (14) for a rotating electrical machine is disclosed. The rotor (14) comprises a plurality of poles (24), each of the poles comprising a plurality of damper slots (30) for damper bars (32). The rotor is designed for use with a machine having a stator (12) with a plurality of stator slots (22) for accommodating stator windings (18). The damper slots (30) in the rotor have a damper slot pitch which is different from a stator slot pitch, and an arrangement which varies from one pole to another. This may lead to a reduction in higher harmonics.

Abstract: A rotor (14) for a rotating electrical machine is disclosed. The rotor (14) comprises a plurality of poles (24), each of the poles comprising a plurality of damper slots (30) for damper bars (32). The rotor is designed for use with a machine having a stator (12) with a plurality of stator slots (22) for accommodating stator windings (18). The damper slots (30) in the rotor have a Cdamper slot pitch which is different from a stator slot pitch, and an arrangement which varies from one pole to another. This may lead to a reduction in higher harmonics.