Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed using electromagnetic (EM) spectroscopy to obtain non-destructively measurements to determine the water activity (Aw) of meat using reflected and/or transmitted signals.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for analyzing a fluid sample that includes loading the sample in a sample space in a sensor with an input and an output, applying an electromagnetic input signal to the input, measuring at the output a response signal that includes an output signal produced by the sensor while the sensor is contacted by the sample and the electromagnetic input signal is applied to the input, comparing the response signal against the electromagnetic input signal to generate a comparison, and matching the comparison against a set of comparisons for known substances.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for analysing a fluid sample that includes loading the sample in a sample space in a sensor with an input and an output, applying an electromagnetic input signal to the input, measuring at the output a response signal that includes an output signal produced by the sensor while the sensor is contacted by the sample and the electromagnetic input signal is applied to the input, comparing the response signal against the electromagnetic input signal to generate a comparison, and matching the comparison against a set of comparisons for known substances.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for analyzing a fluid sample that includes loading the sample in a sample space in a sensor with an input and an output, applying an electromagnetic input signal to the input, measuring at the output a response signal that includes an output signal produced by the sensor while the sensor is contacted by the sample and the electromagnetic input signal is applied to the input, comparing the response signal against the electromagnetic input signal to generate a comparison, and matching the comparison against a set of comparisons for known substances.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed using electromagnetic (EM) spectroscopy to obtain non-destructively measurements to determine the water activity (Aw) of meat using reflected and/or transmitted signals.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for analysing a fluid sample that includes loading the sample in a sample space in a sensor with an input and an output, applying an electromagnetic input signal to the input, measuring at the output a response signal that includes an output signal produced by the sensor while the sensor is contacted by the sample and the electromagnetic input signal is applied to the input, comparing the response signal against the electromagnetic input signal to generate a comparison, and matching the comparison against a set of comparisons for known substances.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for analyzing a fluid sample comprising loading the sample in a sample space in a sensor with an input and an output for an electromagnetic signal, and measuring an output signal and comparing it against an input signal, and matching the comparison against a set of comparisons for known substances.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for analysing a fluid sample comprising loading the sample in a sample space in a sensor with an input and an output for an electromagnetic signal, and measuring an output signal and comparing it against an input signal, and matching the comparison against a set of comparisons for known substances.

Abstract: Disclosed is a probe for use in a fluid pipeline, comprising: a transmitter for transmitting an RF signal via an antenna (50); a receiver for receiving an RF signal via an antenna; a processor operable to compare the received signal with an expected signal. Also disclosed is a method of assessing the condition of a pipeline by means of a probe located inside the pipeline, comprising the steps of: transmitting an RF signal from the probe; receiving an RF signal at the probe; comparing the received and an expected signal and, based on the result of the comparison, indicating that the pipeline is acceptable or not.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pyrolysis reactor for processing waste, comprising: a reactor chamber; a source of microwave energy, wherein the reactor chamber comprises a material which is operable to produce a plasma in the presence of the microwave energy. Also disclosed is a corresponding method.

Abstract: The invention concerns a device for non invasive monitoring of the concentration of a constituent of a human or animal bloodstream. In the preferred example the device comprises drive circuitry (50) for provision of an alternating current at a microwave frequency. This frequency is adjustable. The drive circuitry may for example comprise a voltage controlled oscillator. The device has a sensor (19) adapted to be placed in proximity to the body of the human or animal, the sensor being electrically connected to said drive circuitry to receive said alternating current and being adapted to project microwave energy into the said body. Detector circuitry is provided for detecting a signal transmitted and/or reflected by the sensor, the detected signal properties being dependent on the concentration of the said blood constituent.