Abstract: Information is retrieved by receiving a list of one or more files to be restored. It is determined whether to obtain: (1) a contiguous group of blocks that includes a first segment of one or more blocks associated with the one or more files to be restored, a gap of one or more blocks that are not associated with the one or more files to be restored that is adjacent to the first segment, and a second segment of one or more blocks associated with the one or more files to be restored that is adjacent to the gap or (2) a contiguous group of blocks that includes only the first segment based at least in part on a length and/or number of blocks comprising the gap. The determined contiguous group of blocks is obtained.

Abstract: Performing a backup is disclosed. A changed portion of a file system tree is determined based at least in part on a stored state of the file system tree at a time a prior block based backup of the file system tree was performed. Incremental metadata associated with the changed portion is obtained. The obtained incremental metadata is stored where there is at least some metadata associated with an unchanged portion of the file system tree that is not stored when storing the obtained incremental metadata.

Abstract: Performing a backup is disclosed. A changed portion of a file system tree is determined based at least in part on a stored state of the file system tree at a time a prior block based backup of the file system tree was performed. Incremental metadata associated with the changed portion is obtained. The obtained incremental metadata is stored where there is at least some metadata associated with an unchanged portion of the file system tree that is not stored when storing the obtained incremental metadata.

Abstract: Identifying a file system element for restoration is disclosed. The technique comprises of receiving a request to restore a file system element; determining an offset indicating where a record associated with the file system element is located within a collection of records, wherein the record includes metadata related to stored data to be used to restore the file system element; and using the determined offset to retrieve the record from the collection of records.

Abstract: Memory is used, including by receiving at a processor an indication that a first piece of metadata associated with a set of backup data is required during a block based backup and/or restore. The processor is used to retrieve from a metadata store a set of metadata that includes the first piece of metadata and one or more additional pieces of metadata included in the metadata store in an adjacent location that is adjacent to a first location in which the first piece of metadata is stored in the metadata store, without first determining whether the one or more additional pieces of metadata are currently required. The retrieved set of metadata is stored in a cache.

Abstract: Using memory is disclosed. A block of memory is obtained from a memory allocator. A first location in the block of memory is sub-allocated to a first block based backup and/or restoration related task. An indication is received that the first location is available to be sub-allocated to a subsequent block based backup and/or restoration related task, if any.

Abstract: According to some embodiments, a technique for storing data comprises providing an application-specific module, wherein the application-specific module communicates with an application; providing a storage-specific module, wherein the storage-specific module communicates with a storage; and providing a common interface, wherein the common interface communicates with the application-specific module and the storage-specific module.

Abstract: Information is retrieved by receiving a list of one or more files to be restored. It is determined whether to obtain: (1) a contiguous group of blocks that includes a first segment of one or more blocks associated with the one or more files to be restored, a gap of one or more blocks that are not associated with the one or more files to be restored that is adjacent to the first segment, and a second segment of one or more blocks associated with the one or more files to be restored that is adjacent to the gap or (2) a contiguous group of blocks that includes only the first segment based at least in part on a length and/or number of blocks comprising the gap. The determined contiguous group of blocks is obtained.

Abstract: Retrieving information is disclosed. A contiguous group of blocks is determined, where a contiguous group of blocks comprises of at least one of a plurality of blocks associated with one or more data objects to be restored and at least one block not associated with the one or more data objects to be restored. The contiguous group of blocks is obtained.

Abstract: A method for information management comprises monitoring output from an application to an operating system, wherein the output is monitored substantially continuously; determining if a policy applies to data associated with the output; and executing the policy if the policy applies.

Abstract: A method for information management comprises applying a software architecture for a first hardware configuration; applying the software architecture for a second hardware configuration; wherein the software architecture includes: monitoring an output from an application; distributing packets; and storing the packets.

Abstract: Information is managed by monitoring an output from an application. A change is intercepted. The change is associated with a file, if file versioning has been selected. The change is to a block, if block versioning has been selected. The change is saved.

Abstract: A method for information management comprises intercepting an output from an application; distributing packets according to a routing scheme, wherein the packets are associated with the output, and wherein distributing the packets may occur when the application is associated with a first operating system, and may also occur when the application is associated with a second operating system; and storing the packets.

Abstract: Described as a new ‘Peppermint’ mutant having a high yield of menthol rich essential oil, deep purplish green foliage, purplish white flowers, a delayed temporary wilting point and tolerance to the pest Bihar hairy caterpillar (Spilarctia obliqua).

Abstract: Described as a new Peppermint mutant having a high yield of menthol rich essential oil, deep purplish green foliage, purplish white flowers, a delayed temporary wilting point and tolerance to the pest Bihar hairy caterpillar (Spilarctia obliqua).