Abstract: In an electro-optical device, a first polarizing element, a first phase difference element, a transmissive liquid crystal panel, a second phase difference element, and a second polarizing element are sequentially arranged. Here, when a phase difference of the first phase difference element and the second phase difference element is ?/4, an influence of orientation disorder of liquid crystal molecules can be alleviated, but a contrast ratio is reduced. Therefore, when a wavelength of incident light is ?, a phase difference R of the first phase difference element and the second phase difference element satisfies the following condition that 0<R<?/4, preferably ?/12<R<?/6. For example, it is assumed that the phase difference R is ?/8.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device includes a liquid crystal panel including a liquid crystal layer as a first liquid crystal layer, a first polarizing element, a second polarizing element, a first phase difference adjusting element arranged between the first polarizing element and the liquid crystal panel and including a liquid crystal layer as a second liquid crystal layer, a second phase difference adjusting element arranged between the liquid crystal panel and the second polarizing element and including a liquid crystal layer as a third liquid crystal layer, and a first phase difference controlling element driving unit and a second phase difference controlling element driving unit as control units configured to control a value of a voltage applied to the first phase difference adjusting element and the second phase difference adjusting element, based on image data input to the liquid crystal panel.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device includes a liquid crystal panel including a first liquid crystal layer, a first polarizing plate provided on a light incidence side of the liquid crystal panel, a second polarizing plate provided on a light emission side of the liquid crystal panel, a first phase difference adjusting element arranged between the first polarizing plate and the liquid crystal panel and including a second liquid crystal layer, a second phase difference adjusting element arranged between the liquid crystal panel and the second polarizing plate and including a third liquid crystal layer, and a control unit configured to control a phase difference of the second liquid crystal layer and a phase difference of the third liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device includes a liquid crystal panel including a liquid crystal layer as a first liquid crystal layer, a first polarizing element, a second polarizing element, a first phase difference adjusting element arranged between the first polarizing element and the liquid crystal panel and including a liquid crystal layer as a second liquid crystal layer, a second phase difference adjusting element arranged between the liquid crystal panel and the second polarizing element and including a liquid crystal layer as a third liquid crystal layer, and a first phase difference controlling element driving unit and a second phase difference controlling element driving unit as control units configured to control a value of a voltage applied to the first phase difference adjusting element and the second phase difference adjusting element, based on image data input to the liquid crystal panel.

Abstract: In an electro-optical device, a first polarizing element, a first phase difference element, a transmissive liquid crystal panel, a second phase difference element, and a second polarizing element are sequentially arranged. Here, when a phase difference of the first phase difference element and the second phase difference element is ?/4, an influence of orientation disorder of liquid crystal molecules can be alleviated, but a contrast ratio is reduced. Therefore, when a wavelength of incident light is ?, a phase difference R of the first phase difference element and the second phase difference element satisfies the following condition that 0<R<?/4, preferably ?/12<R<?/6. For example, it is assumed that the phase difference R is ?/8.

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes a first substrate including a plurality of pixel electrodes, a second substrate having translucency, an electro-optical layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, the electro-optical layer having an optical property that varies in accordance with an electric field generated by the plurality of pixel electrodes, and a spacer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, the spacer including a high refractive index portion having a refractive index greater than a refractive index of the electro-optical layer, the spacer being configured to define a distance between the first substrate and the second substrate.

Abstract: A microlens array substrate includes a substrate having a first surface and a plurality of recesses corresponding to a plurality of pixels, and a microlens array including a plurality of microlenses corresponding to the plurality of recesses. The microlenses each have a refractive index different from a refractive index of the substrate, and each have a light incident surface and a light exiting surface. The light incident surface has a first curvature region and a second curvature region. The second curvature region surrounds the first curvature region when viewed along the optical axis of one microlens and has a curvature greater than the curvature of the first curvature region. The light exiting surface includes a light collecting structure configured to converge the light incident via the light incident surface. The light collecting structure overlaps with part of the first curvature region when viewed along the optical axis.

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes a first substrate including a plurality of pixel electrodes, a second substrate having translucency, an electro-optical layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, the electro-optical layer having an optical property that varies in accordance with an electric field generated by the plurality of pixel electrodes, and a spacer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, the spacer including a high refractive index portion having a refractive index greater than a refractive index of the electro-optical layer, the spacer being configured to define a distance between the first substrate and the second substrate.

Abstract: A microlens array substrate includes a substrate having a first surface and a plurality of recesses corresponding to a plurality of pixels, and a microlens array including a plurality of microlenses corresponding to the plurality of recesses. The microlenses each have a refractive index different from a refractive index of the substrate, and each have a light incident surface and a light exiting surface. The light incident surface has a first curvature region and a second curvature region. The second curvature region surrounds the first curvature region when viewed along the optical axis of one microlens and has a curvature greater than the curvature of the first curvature region. The light exiting surface includes a light collecting structure configured to converge the light incident via the light incident surface. The light collecting structure overlaps with part of the first curvature region when viewed along the optical axis.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device includes a first substrate arranged on a light incident side and a second substrate that faces the first substrate through intermediation of a liquid crystal layer. A light shielding member is not provided in a display region of the second substrate. In a display region of the first substrate, a light shielding member in a lattice shape is provided between a substrate body and a pixel electrode. The first substrate includes a first lens member provided between the substrate body and the light shielding member and a second lens member provided between the light shielding member and the pixel electrode. The liquid crystal device includes an optical compensation member on a light emission side with respect to the second lens member, and a lens or a light shielding member is not interposed between the optical compensation member and the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device includes a first substrate arranged on a light incident side and a second substrate that faces the first substrate through intermediation of a liquid crystal layer. A light shielding member is not provided in a display region of the first substrate. In a display region of the second substrate, a light shielding member in a lattice shape is provided between a substrate body and a pixel electrode. The second substrate includes a first lens member provided between the substrate body and the light shielding member, a second lens member provided between the light shielding member and the pixel electrode, and a third lens member provided between the second lens member and the pixel electrode. The liquid crystal device includes an optical compensation member on a light incident side of the third lens member.

Abstract: The invention provides a new technique for improving the contrast in a liquid-crystal display device having a liquid crystal layer that is formed of pretilted liquid crystal molecules having a negative dielectric constant anisotropy. A liquid-crystal display device according to an aspect of the invention includes a liquid crystal panel in which a phase-difference compensation layer including a C plate is formed, and a phase-difference compensation member disposed on the outside of the liquid crystal panel and including an O plate or an A plate. The liquid crystal panel includes an opposing substrate, a liquid crystal layer formed of pretilted liquid crystal molecules having a negative dielectric constant anisotropy, and an element substrate.

Abstract: A first substrate includes a base material having transmissivity, a light-shielding body having a grid pattern in a plan view seen from a thickness direction of the base material, a pixel electrode, a first insulator having transmissivity that overlaps the light-shielding body in the plan view and is disposed between the base material and the pixel electrode, and a second insulator having transmissivity that overlaps the pixel electrode in the plan view and is disposed in contact with the first insulator between the base material and the pixel electrode. The second insulator has a refractive index greater than a refractive index of the first insulator. An interface between the second insulator and the first insulator has an inclined portion inclined away from a central axis along a thickness direction of the second insulator from the incident side of light toward an emitting side.

Abstract: Provided is a technique to suppress a decrease in the effect of optical compensation caused by diffraction at the element substrate in a liquid crystal display device. One aspect of a liquid crystal device includes a counter substrate that includes a common electrode, an element substrate that includes a pixel electrode, a lens, and a light-shielding member, the light-shielding member defining an opening area of a pixel, a liquid crystal layer interposed between the counter substrate and the element substrate, and an optical compensation member arranged on a counter substrate side with respect to the liquid crystal layer. Incident light is incident from the counter substrate side.

Abstract: A first substrate includes a base material having transmissivity, a light-shielding body having a grid pattern in a plan view seen from a thickness direction of the base material, a pixel electrode, a first insulator having transmissivity that overlaps the light-shielding body in the plan view and is disposed between the base material and the pixel electrode, and a second insulator having transmissivity that overlaps the pixel electrode in the plan view and is disposed in contact with the first insulator between the base material and the pixel electrode. The second insulator has a refractive index greater than a refractive index of the first insulator. An interface between the second insulator and the first insulator has an inclined portion inclined away from a central axis along a thickness direction of the second insulator from the incident side of light toward an emitting side.

Abstract: Provided is a technique to suppress a decrease in the effect of optical compensation caused by diffraction at the element substrate in a liquid crystal display device. One aspect of a liquid crystal device includes a counter substrate that includes a common electrode, an element substrate that includes a pixel electrode, a lens, and a light-shielding member, the light-shielding member defining an opening area of a pixel, a liquid crystal layer interposed between the counter substrate and the element substrate, and an optical compensation member arranged on a counter substrate side with respect to the liquid crystal layer. Incident light is incident from the counter substrate side.

Abstract: The invention provides a new technique for improving the contrast in a liquid-crystal display device having a liquid crystal layer that is formed of pretilted liquid crystal molecules having a negative dielectric constant anisotropy. A liquid-crystal display device according to an aspect of the invention includes a liquid crystal panel in which a phase-difference compensation layer including a C plate is formed, and a phase-difference compensation member disposed on the outside of the liquid crystal panel and including an O plate or an A plate. The liquid crystal panel includes an opposing substrate, a liquid crystal layer formed of pretilted liquid crystal molecules having a negative dielectric constant anisotropy, and an element substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal panel has an element substrate which emits light transmitted through a microlens, a liquid crystal which transmits light incident from the element substrate, a counter substrate which transmits light emitted from the liquid crystal, and an optical compensation plate provided on a light emission side of the element substrate.

Abstract: A reflection type liquid crystal device has: a liquid crystal cell held between a pair of substrates and an optical compensation plate disposed outside the pair of substrates. The optical compensation plate has a first optical axis along the thickness direction thereof. The liquid crystal cell has a pretilt at which a second optical axis of a liquid crystal molecule of the liquid crystal cell is inclined with respect to a plate surface of the liquid crystal cell. The optical compensation plate is tiltable in a first direction in which a standard angle becomes larger, wherein the standard angle is defined as an acute angle between the first optical axis and the second optical axis when the optical compensation plate is located parallel to the plate surface of the liquid crystal cell.

Abstract: An electro-optic device includes a first substrate, a second substrate, an electro-optic layer which is interposed between the second substrate and the first substrate, and a first translucent film, a second translucent film, and a third translucent film which are disposed between the second substrate and the electro-optic layer and are sequentially formed from the second substrate, in which the refractive index of the second translucent film is larger than the refractive index of the second substrate, is smaller than the refractive index of the first translucent film, and is smaller than the third translucent film. A transmittance of incident light of the electro-optic device is intensified using refractive index matching, interference dimming, and anti-scattering.