Abstract: First rubbing is performed on an entire surface of an alignment film (22) provided on a substrate (21), and then a mask part (51a) for masking a first region and a region of an alignment mark is formed on the alignment film (22) by using a resist layer (51). After performing second rubbing on the alignment film (22) through the mask part (51a), the mask part (51a) is removed, and a liquid crystal layer (23) is formed on the alignment film (22). In this way, the alignment mark is formed as a region having an optical function different from an optical function of a region surrounding the alignment mark. Thus, it is possible to produce a substrate (21) having an alignment mark formed without increasing processing steps at such a position as to contact the liquid crystal layer (23).

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes: pixel electrodes arranged in columns and rows, each including a reflective electrode region; scanning lines; and signal lines. The device sequentially supplies a scanning signal voltage to one of the scanning lines after another to select one group of pixel electrodes, connected to the same one of the scanning lines, after another, and then supplies display signal voltages to the selected group of pixel electrodes by way of the signal lines, thereby displaying an image thereon. The pixel electrodes are arranged such that the polarity of a voltage to be applied to a liquid crystal layer is inverted for every predetermined number of pixel electrodes in each of the rows and in each of the columns. The display signal voltage to be supplied to each pixel electrode is updated at a frequency of 45 Hz or less.

Abstract: The problem to be solved is to provide an automobile interior headliner member which is improved in the film forming property of a complex plastic material used as a base material of the automobile interior headliner member, and has high rigidity and excellent heat resistance, size stability and working efficiency upon attachment; and the base material. An automobile interior headliner molding or forming member which is obtained by kneading mica having a particle size of 10 to 100 &mgr;m with a polypropylene resin having a melt flow rate at 230° C. of 3 to 40 g/10 min to obtain the corresponding resin having a mica content of 15 to 40 wt. %, molding or forming the resin into a mica-containing polypropylene sheet of 100 to 300 &mgr;m thick and then stacking this sheet over each of both sides of an expanded polypropylene sheet of 2 to 6 mm thick obtained at an expansion ratio of 5 to 50 times; and an automobile interior headliner member molded or formed from the molding or forming member.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes: pixel electrodes arranged in columns and rows, each including a reflective electrode region; scanning lines; and signal lines. The device sequentially supplies a scanning signal voltage to one of the scanning lines after another to select one group of pixel electrodes, connected to the same one of the scanning lines, after another, and then supplies display signal voltages to the selected group of pixel electrodes by way of the signal lines, thereby displaying an image thereon. The pixel electrodes are arranged such that the polarity of a voltage to be applied to a liquid crystal layer is inverted for every predetermined number of pixel electrodes in each of the rows and in each of the columns. The display signal voltage to be supplied to each pixel electrode is updated at a frequency of 45 Hz or less.

Abstract: An air duct used for blowing air through a ceiling segment for air conditioning of an automobile in which the duct is comprised of a base material showing a superior leakage prohibiting characteristic, a high extension rate at the time of molding operation and facilitating a deep grave molding or forming operation. An automobile air duct is manufactured by applying a molding or forming member having three-layer complex plastic sheet materials having formed of an expanded polypropylene sheet and mica-containing polypropylene sheets stacked on both sides thereof.

Abstract: This invention is to provide an automobile interior headliner molding or forming member which has high rigidity, being excellent in heat resistance and size stability, and having excellent moldability or formability. An automobile interior headliner molding or forming member is produced using a seven-layer polypropylene foam laminate obtained by stacking, over both sides of a foamed polypropylene sheet, a glass fiber sheet laminate, which has been obtained by laminating a polypropylene sheet with both sides of a glass fiber sheet.

Abstract: The problem to be solved is to provide an automobile interior headliner member which is improved in the film forming property of a complex plastic material used as a base material of the automobile interior headliner member, and has high rigidity and excellent heat resistance, size stability and working efficiency upon attachment; and the base material.An automobile interior headliner molding or forming member which is obtained by kneading mica having a particle size of 10 to 100 µm with a polypropylene resin having a melt flow rate at 230°C of 3 to 40 g/10 min to obtain the corresponding resin having a mica content of 15 to 40 wt.%, molding or forming the resin into a mica-containing polypropylene sheet of 100 to 300 µm thick and then stacking this sheet over each of both sides of an expanded polypropylene sheet of 2 to 6 mm thick obtained at an expansion ratio of 5 to 50 times; and an automobile interior headliner member molded or formed from the molding or forming member.

Abstract: A press die made of concrete having a surface layer bonded to the concrete, and a method manufacturing the same. A concrete member 60A is hardened through steam-curing. Thereafter, a surface material layer 70 is formed on a pressing surface of the concrete member 60A utilizing the aggregate 65 in the hardened concrete member 60A as an anchor.

Abstract: The problem to be solved is to provide an automobile interior headliner member which is improved in the film forming property of a complex plastic material used as a base material of the automobile interior headliner member, and has high rigidity and excellent heat resistance, size stability and working efficiency upon attachment; and the base material. An automobile interior headliner molding or forming member which is obtained by kneading mica having a particle size of 10 to 100 &mgr;m with a polypropylene resin having a melt flow rate at 230° C. of 3 to 40 g/10 min to obtain the corresponding resin having a mica content of 15 to 40 wt. %, molding or forming the resin into a mica-containing polypropylene sheet of 100 to 300 &mgr;m thick and then stacking this sheet over each of both sides of an expanded polypropylene sheet of 2 to 6 mm thick obtained at an expansion ratio of 5 to 50 times; and an automobile interior headliner member molded or formed from the molding or forming member.