Abstract: When reception of a multiplexed wave to be PSK-modulated of BPSK, QPSK, and 8PSK is started, a selector (16A) of a demodulating circuit (1A) reads high-order three bits &Dgr;&phgr;(3) of phase error data corresponding to I and Q symbol streams out of one phase error table (15-1) for BPSK among phase error tables provided for each modulation system and each phase rotation angle. A received-signal-phase rotation angle detecting circuit (8A) detects phase rotation angles of portions corresponding to bits (1) and (0) of a frame-synchronizing signal of a received symbol stream from the &Dgr;&phgr;(3) and the MSB of I symbol stream and outputs the phase rotation angles to a remapper (7) to make the remapper perform absolute phasing.

Abstract: A small-scale absolute-phasing synchronization capturing circuit for absolute phasing of a received signal by selectively transmitting a baseband signal demodulated through a demodulator (1), a baseband signal subjected to phase rotation through a remapper (11), a baseband signal output from a first inverting means, a baseband signal output from a second inverting means based on the phase angle of the received signal relative to the phase rotation of the transmission signal. The most significant bit in the demodulated baseband signal and the most significant bit in the baseband signal subjected to phase rotation through the remapper (11) are extracted and a frame synchronization signal is captured according to the extracted significant bit.

Abstract: A hierarchical transmission digital demodulator capable of stable sync capture and stable demodulation through setting of a demodulation operation in accordance with a reception C/N value. A CNR measuring circuit receives a demodulation output from an arithmetic circuit and measures a reception C/N value. During a period until sync is captured, a carrier is reproduced in accordance with the demodulation output that a modulated wave in a header section and a modulated wave of burst symbol signal. After sync is captured, at an intermediate C/N value the carrier is reproduced in accordance with the demodulation output of the header section, burst symbol signal and QPSK signal and in accordance with output from a logical gate circuit, and at high and low C/N values the carrier is reproduced by setting high a carrier reproduction loop gain of a gain control circuit in accordance with a signal from the logical gate circuit.

Abstract: A signal point arrangement dispersion calculation circuit whose circuit scale is small. The phase of a demodulation baseband signal is turned by a 22.5° turning remapper (3) at a speed twice the speed of the symbol rate of the demodulation baseband signal. The signal point position of the demodulation baseband signal is found by a signal point arrangement conversion circuit (73) in accordance with the demodulation baseband signal and the baseband signal whose phase is turned by a phase turning circuit. The signal point arrangement of the demodulation baseband signal is converted into the position of the first quadrant in accordance with the found signal point position from the demodulation baseband signal and the baseband signal whose phase is turned 45° by the two successive rotations made by the 22.5° turning remapper (3), and the dispersion is obtained in accordance with the baseband signal whose signal point arrangement is converted.

Abstract: A digital demodulator that eliminates the need for an absolute phase circuit is provided. In a digital demodulator for a digital broadcasting receiver that receives digital time-division multiplexed signals of different types of modulation, the demodulated baseband signal is selectively inverted by an inverter (7) according to an inversion command signal “0” or “1” that is output from an inversion decision circuit (6) depending on a BPSK signal of a known pattern. A phase error detector (8) for carrier reproduction determines the phase error voltage based on the phase difference between the absolute phase and the phase of the signal point of the demodulated baseband signal output from the inverter (7). The phase error voltage is passed through a carrier filter (9), including a low-pass filter, to control the carrier frequency so that carrier reproduction can be carried out with the phase at the signal point being coincident with the point of phase convergence.

Abstract: I and Q symbol streams are demodulated from a received signal of a wave to be PSK-modulated in which BPSK-modulated frame-synchronizing signal and superframe-identifying signal respectively having a 20-symbol length and an 8 PSK-modulated digital signal are time-multiplexed by a demodulating circuit (1). BPSK-demapped bit streams B0 to B3 are generated by a BSPK demapper (3) in accordance with criterion border lines obtained by rotating a basic BPSK criterion border line and a basic criterion border line whose received-signal points are the same as Q-axis on, I-Q phase plane by &pgr;/4, 2&pgr;/4, and 3&pgr;/4 counterclockwise.

Abstract: An Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) device irradiates a biological tissue with low coherence light, obtains a high resolution tomogram of the inside of the tissue by low-coherent interference with scattered light from the tissue, and is provided with an optical probe which includes an optical fiber having a flexible and thin insertion part for introducing the low coherent light. When the optical probe is inserted into a blood vessel or a patient's body cavity, the OCT enables the doctor to observe a high resolution tomogram. In a optical probe, generally, a fluctuation of a birefringence occurs depending on a bend of the optical fiber, and this an interference contrast varies depending on the condition of the insertion. The OCT of the present invention is provided with polarization compensation means such as a Faraday rotator on the side of the light emission of the optical probe, so that the OCT can obtain the stabilized interference output regardless of the state of the bend.

Abstract: An Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) device irradiates a biological tissue with low coherence light, obtains a high resolution tomogram of the inside of the tissue by low-coherent interference with scattered light from the tissue, and is provided with an optical probe which includes an optical fiber having a flexible and thin insertion part for introducing the low coherent light. When the optical probe is inserted into a blood vessel or a patient's body cavity, the OCT enables the doctor to observe a high resolution tomogram. In a optical probe, generally, a fluctuation of a birefringence occurs depending on a bend of the optical fiber, and this an interference contrast varies depending on the condition of the insertion. The OCT of the present invention is provided with polarization compensation means such as a Faraday rotator on the side of the light emission of the optical probe, so that the OCT can obtain the stabilized interference output regardless of the state of the bend.

Abstract: There is provided a synchronization acquiring circuit for stably acquiring frame synchronization without pseudo-synchronization lock when the frame synchronization is acquired in reception at the time of a low C/N. The synchronization pattern of a received frame is detected by a frame synchronization detecting circuit 2. The bits of the synchronization pattern of the received frame are compared with those of a frame synchronization pattern on the transmitting side by a frame synchronizing circuit 5 to obtain the number of coincided bits. The frame synchronization is regarded as detected when the obtained number of bits of each frame is equal to or larger than the correlation detection value.

Abstract: A digital broadcasting receiver in which one decoder decodes both Reed-Solomon codes for TMCC and Reed-Solomon codes of an MPEG2-TS packet of a main signal. The received data is divided into a main signal and a TMCC signal. When the separated main signal is subjected to deinterleaving by a deinterleaving circuit (503), the burst symbol signal is eliminated, and the TMCC signal separated subsequent to the main signal in the last frame of a superframe is added by a selector (509). The received data to which the TMCC signal is added is decoded by a basic Reed-Solomon code decoder (510) so as to carry out the error correction of the main signal and the TMCC signal.

Abstract: On the side at hand of an optical probe, a whole rotation transfer connector rotates while being supported by a ball bearing and a slide bearing and, therefore, rotation is transferred to a flexible shaft. The relative position between the flexible shaft and an optical sheath is changed in accordance with the amount of screwing of a sheath stopping member on the side at hand into an outer cylinder by an external thread portion and an internal thread portion. When the optical sheath is moved furthermore, the flexible shaft is elongated due to elastic deformation because the length of the flexible shaft is regulated by the interval between a locking part of a locking member at the tip and a shaft stopping member. A tip housing is made to contact with the locking member while tension is applied to the flexible shaft by the rear end surface in the direction of the side at hand.

Abstract: An Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) device irradiates a biological tissue with low coherence light, obtains a high resolution tomogram of the inside of the tissue by low-coherent interference with scattered light from the tissue, and is provided with an optical probe which includes an optical fiber having a flexible and thin insertion part for introducing the low coherent light. When the optical probe is inserted into a blood vessel or a patient's body cavity, the OCT enables the doctor to observe a high resolution tomogram. In a optical probe, generally, a fluctuation of a birefringence occurs depending on a bend of the optical fiber, and this an interference contrast varies depending on the condition of the insertion. The OCT of the present invention is provided with polarization compensation means such as a Faraday rotator on the side of the light emission of the optical probe, so that the OCT can obtain the stabilized interference output regardless of the state of the bend.

Abstract: A site diversity method, a digital satellite broadcast receiving method and a digital satellite broadcast receiver are provided which can make a difference of data output timing between a main station and a subsidiary station at the time of site exchange as small as possible and can perform re-synchronization as soon as possible. In the site diversity method for digital satellite broadcast, when a site exchange execution designation signal is received, the site is exchanged during a period of a TMCC information field of a predetermined specific frame of a super frame determined when the execution designation signal is received. On the receiver side, information of broadcast is continuously received by detecting a TMCC information field in a specific frame during a period of which field the site was exchanged and by establishing re-synchronization by using a super frame sync pattern W2 or W3 after the detected TMCC information field.

Abstract: A flexible shaft driven to rotate is inserted through a transparent sheath having pliability. By a fiber inserted through the inside thereof, low-coherence light is guided and is made to exit to a living-body tissue side which is an observation target through a lens and a prism forming an exit and entrance portion at the tip portion. Subsequently, the light reflected on the living-body tissue side is guided in order to produce an image. In that case, a positioning member for keeping the exit and entrance portion and the living-body tissue at a proper distance is formed at the tip portion of the sheath or the tip portion of an endoscope through which an optical probe is inserted and, therefore, a stable tomogram image can be produced.

Abstract: An improved apparatus for receiving BS digital broadcast is disclosed. The apparatus for receiving BS digital broadcast of the present invention has first to third filters and a selective complex calculator circuit.

Abstract: A developing paper having an image receiving dye layer containing a plasticizing agent on a substrate, the plasticizing agent including a solid plasticizing agent which is solid in the application temperature and a liquid plasticizing agent which is liquid in the application temperature. Since the developing paper contains a plasticizing agent including a liquid plasticizing agent and a solid plasticizing agent, the developing paper has an excellent light resistance. Moreover, since the plasticizing agent contains a liquid plasticizing agent and a solid plasticizing agent, there is no danger of precipitation of the plasticizing agent from the surface of the developing paper. Furthermore, the developing paper containing the aforementioned plasticizing agent enables to obtain a desirable plasticizing effect.

Abstract: A receiver paper used in combination with a thermally transferrable sheet, such as an ink ribbon, in which a laminated layer of the thermally transferrable sheet can be positively transferred, with the receiver paper exhibiting superior running performance and resistance to blocking to enable a picture of high quality and high resolution to be produced. To this end, there is provided a receiver paper made up of substrate and a dye reception layer formed on the substrate. The dye reception layer contains a copolymer of a compound having a pre-set chemical formula and another monomer.

Abstract: A light scanning device has a tip structure which includes a light scanning part connected to a light source, and which is insertable into a body cavity and is formed so as to be water-tight. A controlling part controls the light scan through the tip structure, and the tip structure and the controlling part are also connected to each other in a water-tight manner by a slender tube through which a plurality of electrical cables pass. An electric connector is fixed with the proximal end portion of the tube in a water-tight manner, and is electrically connectable so as to be water-tight with and removable from this controlling part.

Abstract: A developing paper having an image receiving dye layer containing a plasticizing agent on a substrate, the plasticizing agent including a solid plasticizing agent which is solid in the application temperature and a liquid plasticizing agent which is liquid in the application temperature.

Abstract: A developing paper having an image receiving dye layer containing a plasticizing agent on a substrate, the plasticizing agent including a solid plasticizing agent which is solid in the application temperature and a liquid plasticizing agent which is liquid in the application temperature. Since the developing paper contains a plasticizing agent including a liquid plasticizing agent and a solid plasticizing agent, the developing paper has an excellent light resistance. Moreover, since the plasticizing agent contains a liquid plasticizing agent and a solid plasticizing agent, there is no danger of precipitation of the plasticizing agent from the surface of the developing paper. Furthermore, the developing paper containing the aforementioned plasticizing agent enables to obtain a desirable plasticizing effect.