Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a developing apparatus for developing an electrostatic image with a developer comprising at least a toner and a first external additive, the developing apparatus including a plurality of developing devices, containing toners different in color or lightness from each other, in which at least two developing devices contain a dark color toner and a light color toner which have an identical hue and different lightnesses and the developing device containing the light color toner is subjected to a developing operation prior to another developing device; a first transfer apparatus for sequentially transferring toner images, which have been developed by the plurality of developing devices, onto an intermediary transfer member; and a second transfer apparatus for transferring the toner images from the intermediary transfer member all together onto a transfer medium The first external additive includes particles having an aspect ratio of not less than 1.0 and not more than 1.

Abstract: A developing apparatus including: a developing device for color receiving colored toner and a carrier and developing an electrostatic image; a developing device for transparence receiving transparent toner and a carrier and developing the electrostatic image; a developer replenishment container for color receiving a replenishment developer for color with which the developing device for color is to be replenished; a developer replenishment container for transparence receiving a replenishment developer for transparence with which the developing device for transparence is to be replenished; a developer discharge aperture for color discharging a developer in the developing device for color to the outside of the developing device in association with replenishment with the replenishment developer for color; and a developer discharge aperture for transparence discharging a developer in the developing device for transparence to the outside of the developing device in association with replenishment with the replenishm

Abstract: A developing device configured to carry out development of an electrostatic image using color toner particles and transparent toner particles includes color and transparent developing units configured to store toner particles, carrier particles, and additive particles and configured to carry out development of the electrostatic image; color and transparent developer replenishment containers configured to store replenishment developers including at least the toner particles and the carrier particles and configured to replenish developing units with the replenishment developers; and color and transparent developers openings provided at the developing units and configured to discharge the developers in the developing units outside the developing units while replenishing the developing units with the replenishment developers, wherein the carrier particle weight ratio of the transparent replenishment developer is higher than the carrier particle weight ratio of the color replenishment developer.

Abstract: A glass antenna for a vehicle includes: a window to be disposed along a metal window frame. The window includes a first wire, a second wire and a heating conductor wire. The first wire is capacitive-coupled with a part of the metal window frame. The second wire is capacitive-coupled with the heating conductor wire. The first wire and the second wire are connected with each other.

Abstract: A developing apparatus for developing an electrostatic image with light chromatic toner and dark chromatic toner which have the same hue, the developing device includes a light color developing device for accommodating a developer containing the light chromatic toner and carrier to develop the electrostatic image; a dark color developing device for accommodating a developer containing the dark chromatic toner and carrier to develop the electrostatic image; light color developer supply container accommodating a developer containing the light chromatic toner and the carrier to be supplied to the light color developing device; and dark color developer supply container accommodating a developer containing the dark chromatic toner and the carrier to be supplied to the dark color developing device, wherein the developer in the light chromatic toner supply container and the developer in the dark chromatic toner supply container have carrier weight ratios which are different from each other.

Abstract: The image forming apparatus includes a developing device, a movable member, a replenishment device, a developer replenishment path, and a conveyance screw so arranged within the developer replenishment path as not to come into contact with the internal wall of the developer replenishment path, wherein X (g) representing the quantity of the developer for replenishment present in the clearance section between the developer replenishment path and the conveyance screw, Y (g) representing the quantity of the developer in the developing device, Q(?C/mg) representing the absolute value of the electric charge per unit weight of the toner in the developing device, and A(?C/mg) representing the absolute value of the electric charge per unit weight of the toner relative to a 1% variation in the toner density satisfy the condition of a relationship of X?(Y×Q)/(500×A).

Abstract: The developing apparatus includes developer containing parts and a replenishment portion. The developer containing parts contains a developer circularly conveyed in the developer containing parts. The replenishment portion includes a replenish aperture and a regulation surface. The replenishment portion merges a replenishment agent passing through the regulation surface with the developer in the developer containing part. In the developing apparatus, a wall surface of the replenishment portion, located on a downstream side in a developer conveyance direction in the developer containing part facing to the replenishment portion, is formed by being inclined with respect to the developer conveyance direction.

Abstract: The image forming apparatus has an electrophotographic photosensitive member and a developing device for using a developer including toner and carrier, wherein the developing device develops an electrostatic image on a photosensitive member by putting the developer forming a magnetic brush on a developer bearing member including magnetic field generation device inside in contact with the photosensitive member, and when a contact pressure of the developer on the developer bearing member against the photosensitive member is P (Pa), a circumferential velocity of the developer bearing member is VSl (mm/s), a circumferential velocity of the photosensitive member is VDr (mm/s), and an elastic deformation ratio of the photosensitive member is W (%), a degree of sliding of the photosensitive member by the developer represented ranges from 650 to 60500.

Abstract: A vehicular rear glass antenna system includes a rear window glass sheet, a defogger formed on a lower part of the glass sheet, and an antenna formed on an upper part of the glass sheet. This antenna includes (a) a feed point located at a position that becomes adjacent to a top or side member of a metal rear window frame of a vehicle body; (b) a horizontal strip that is connected to the feed point and becomes adjacent to the top member of the rear window frame; (c) a vertical strip downwardly extending from an end point of the horizontal strip; (d) a first return strip horizontally extending from a lower end of the vertical strip toward the feed point; and (e) a second return strip horizontally extending from a middle point of the vertical strip toward the feed point.

Abstract: A vehicular rear glass antenna system includes a rear window glass sheet, a defogger formed on a lower part of the glass sheet, and an antenna formed on an upper part of the glass sheet. This antenna includes (a) a feed point located at a position that becomes adjacent to a top or side member of a metal rear window frame of a vehicle body; (b) a horizontal strip that is connected to the feed point and becomes adjacent to the top member of the rear window frame; (c) a vertical strip downwardly extending from an end point of the horizontal strip; (d) a first return strip horizontally extending from a lower end of the vertical strip toward the feed point; and (e) a second return strip horizontally extending from a middle point of the vertical strip toward the feed point.

Abstract: A glass antenna for a vehicle includes: a window to be disposed along a metal window frame. The window includes a first wire, a second wire and a heating conductor wire. The first wire is capacitive-coupled with a part of the metal window frame. The second wire is capacitive-coupled with the heating conductor wire. The first wire and the second wire are connected with each other.

Abstract: A refrigerator has a refrigerant circuit that is comprised of; a power-variable two-stage compressor, a variable throttler, which are computer controlled; and a first evaporator for fresh food compartments and a second evaporator for freezer compartments. Temperatures in the first and second evaporators are controlled independently from each other, by controlling throttling extent of the variable throttler. Temperature in the first evaporator is kept in a range not causing frost formation on surface of the first evaporator, for example in a range from −2° C. to 2° C., by controlling the throttling extent as well as the power of the compressor. In a preferred embodiment, the variable throttler is a pulse motor valve at downstream of a condenser and at upstream of the first evaporator.

Abstract: A refrigerator has a refrigerant circuit that is comprised of; a power-variable two-stage compressor, a variable throttler, which are computer controlled; and a first evaporator for fresh food compartments and a second evaporator for freezer compartments. Temperatures in the first and second evaporators are controlled independently from each other, by controlling throttling extent of the variable throttler. Temperature in the first evaporator is kept in a range not causing frost formation on surface of the first evaporator, for example in a range from −2° C. to 2° C., by controlling the throttling extent as well as the power of the compressor. In a preferred embodiment, the variable throttler is a pulse motor valve at downstream of a condenser and at upstream of the first evaporator.

Abstract: A refrigerator has a two-stage compressor and means for switching refrigerant flow between a primary channel and a bypassing channel at downstream of a condenser that is connected with an outlet of the two-stage compressor. The primary channel extends from a first exit of the means for switching, through a first capillary tube and a first evaporator, to a gas-liquid separator, a gas-exit of which is connected with a second evaporator through a second capillary tube. The bypassing channel extends from a second exit of the means for switching, through a bypass capillary, to the gas-liquid separator. When flow of refrigerant in the second evaporator is substantially interrupted and so detected, refrigerant flow is switched to the bypassing channel, by means for controlling.

Abstract: A refrigerator has a two-stage compressor and means for switching refrigerant flow between a primary channel and a bypassing channel at downstream of a condenser that is connected with an outlet of the two-stage compressor. The primary channel extends from a first exit of the means for switching, through a first capillary tube and a first evaporator, to a gas-liquid separator, a gas-exit of which is connected with a second evaporator through a second capillary tube. The bypassing channel extends from a second exit of the means for switching, through a bypass capillary, to the gas-liquid separator. When flow of refrigerant in the second evaporator is substantially interrupted and so detected, refrigerant flow is switched to the bypassing channel, by means for controlling.

Abstract: A refrigerator having a refrigerator evaporator and a freezer evaporator, capable of controlling the refrigerant circulation correctly and reducing the delay in the refrigerant behaviors. When freezer mode is to be switched to refrigerator mode, at the end of the freezer mode, a refrigerant recovery run recovers the refrigerant from the freezer evaporator and feeds it to a condenser before the refrigerator mode by running a compressor while blocking the refrigerant to the freezer evaporator and by running a compressor fan.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes a first compartment, a second compartment, a compressor compressing and discharging refrigerant, a first evaporator connected to the compressor to cool the first compartment, the first evaporator having an outlet, a second evaporator connected to the compressor in parallel with the first evaporator to cool the second compartment, the second evaporator having an outlet, a check valve connected between the outlets of the first and second evaporators to prevent the refrigerant out of the first evaporator from entering the second evaporator, a flow-path switching element for switching a cooling mode between a first cooling mode in which the refrigerant discharged from the compressor is caused to flow through the first evaporator to thereby cool the first compartment and a second cooling mode in which the refrigerant discharged from the compressor is caused to flow through the second evaporator to thereby cool the second compartment, and a control device provided for controlling the compres