Abstract: A pseudo-image signal producing section produces a pseudo-image signal imitating an actual image signal. An amplitude detection section detects the amplitude of the pseudo-image signal having passed through a complex filter circuit. A filter control section controls an element value control section in the complex filter circuit so as to decrease the detected amplitude. The element value control section performs an element value adjustment so that absolute element values of a pair of elements corresponding to each other in two filter circuits in the complex filter circuit increase/decrease in opposite directions.

Abstract: A vehicular headlamp employing a light-emitting element such as an LED and having an improved projected light pattern. A light-emitting surface of the light-emitting element has a horizontally elongated shape when viewed in a direction orthogonal to the optical axis of the light-emitting element so as to form a light distribution pattern which is enlarged through an optical system mainly in the horizontal direction. Since the projected pattern is obtained by enlarging the horizontally elongated light source image, it is easier to design the light distribution of the lamp in comparison to a case where the light intensity distribution of the light-emitting element is rotationally symmetric.

Abstract: A projector-type vehicular headlamp including a shade partially blocking light reflected by a reflector and a visor-like shield plate attached on the back of the shade. The shade has an opening near the upper edge so as to allow a light distribution pattern to be formed for overhead sign illumination by the light radiated forward through the opening. The visor-like shield plate extends obliquely downward from between the upper edge of the shade and the opening, thus allowing only the reflected light from the lower reflecting area of the reflecting surface to be directed to reach the opening of the shade, and preventing light flux of an overhead sign illuminating light from becoming excessively bright.

Abstract: In a headlamp having a single filament bulb or discharge bulb, there is provided a movable shade that can appear from a reflection mirror located above the single filament bulb. In a usual condition, the movable shade is pulled at the back of the reflection mirror located above the single filament bulb. Then, a light emitted from the single filament bulb is condensed by the reflection mirror and irradiates a very long distance thereby to make a high-speed traveling possible. On the contrary, when it is rainy or foggy, the movable shade is protruded in the front of the reflection mirror. Then, a part of a light emitted from the single filament bulb is shielded by the movable shade, and the road surface in 20-40 m front of the vehicle is darkened thereby to reduce surface reflection from the road surface.

Abstract: A projector-type vehicular headlamp including a shade partially blocking light reflected by a reflector and a visor-like shield plate attached on the back of the shade. The shade has an opening near the upper edge so as to allow a light distribution pattern to be formed for overhead sign illumination by the light radiated forward through the opening. The visor-like shield plate extends obliquely downward from between the upper edge of the shade and the opening, thus allowing only the reflected light from the lower reflecting area of the reflecting surface to be directed to reach the opening of the shade, and preventing light flux of an overhead sign illuminating light from becoming excessively bright.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for forming a metal film for a thin film device so as to have certain gentle taper angles. The method is an improved fine work method to produce metal films such as light shutter films for thin film devices through the combined production method of a wet-etching step and a dry-etching step. Preliminarily, the cross sectional shape of the resist film is formed so as to have certain taper angles at both end portions. Accordingly, during the dry-etching step, an etchant gas can smoothly flow through along the sidewall of the resist and accordingly the metal film can be formed so as to have gentle taper angles along the flow line of the etchant gas. Thus, it is possible in accordance with the invention to significantly improve the production efficiency and the quality of such thin film devices as the TFTs to be used for the LCDs.

Abstract: When an IPA is fed to a nozzle, a flow of the IPA passing through holes is generated. The flow becomes film-shaped and goes downward along an inner surface of a side wall of a processing vessel. Then, the flow is collected by a liquid receiving section formed in a lower portion of the processing vessel and discharged to an outside. The inner surface of the side wall of the processing vessel is covered with the flow of the IPA. Therefore, an IPA vapor can be prevented from condensing uselessly on the inner surface. As a result, the IPA vapor is effectively utilized for condensation on a surface of the object to be processed which is mounted on a pan. Thus, the defective dryness of the object can be prevented.

Abstract: A nozzle and an exhaust member are provided opposite to each other with an upward opening of a processing vessel interposed therebetween. A side wall of the processing vessel is smoothly curved inward as the opening is approached upward. The nozzle spouts a nitrogen gas fed from a nitrogen gas feeder as a jet for covering the opening toward an exhaust port of the exhaust member. The jet can effectively function as a curtain because the side wall of the processing vessel is curved. Therefore, a cooling coil necessary for a conventional apparatus is not required. Consequently, instability of the state of the IPA vapor caused by the cooling coil can be eliminated so that defective dryness is relieved or eliminated.

Abstract: A drying apparatus for processing a surface of a substrate wherein, when a nitrogen gas is fed to a nozzle, a jet of the nitrogen gas spouted through a jet hole is generated. The jet becomes film-shaped and is projected upwardly along an inner surface of a side wall of a processing vessel. Then, the jet is collected into an outside through a suction port formed in an upper portion of the processing vessel. The inner surface of the side wall of the processing vessel is covered with the jet. Therefore, an IPA vapor can be prevented from condensing uselessly on the inner surface. As a result, the IPA vapor is effectively utilized for condensation on a surface of the object to be processed which is mounted on a pan. Thus, defective dryness of the object can be prevented.

Abstract: A print pattern is formed on a glass plate 1 by using a screen plate in which a second ink-permeable region 7 having a lower ink-permeating rate than a first ink-permeable region 4 is formed in a screen region which corresponds to a space between the flat edge portion of the first ink-permeable region 4 and the outer end portion of the glass plate 1, whereby the formation of a locally raised portion in the film formed by printing at its end portion is avoided, and a decorative print is formed by a simple method without leaving a space in a flat end portion of the glass plate.