Abstract: In a developing apparatus provided with a developer container containing a developer, a rotary member holding the developer container and rotatively moving it relative to a developing position, an opening portion provided in the developer container and through which the developer is supplied or discharged, a valve swingable to open and close the opening portion, and a restricting wall restricting the movement of the valve in an opening direction by contacting with the valve when the valve is in an opened position, an irregularity portion is provided on at least one of the contact surface of the valve with the restricting wall and the contact surface of the restricting wall with the valve.

Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus comprises a processing chamber for storing a substrate and performing a specified processing on the substrate, a substrate holding jig for holding the substrate in the processing chamber, a placement stand capable of moving the substrate holding jig inside and outside the processing chamber while mounting the substrate holding jig, a substrate holding jig movement mechanism for moving the substrate holding jig to a location different from the placement stand while holding the substrate holding jig, and a substrate holding jig movement suppression mechanism for suppressing vertical and horizontal movement of the substrate holding jig in order to keep the substrate holding jig mounted on the placement unit of the substrate holding jig movement mechanism.

Abstract: In an image forming apparatus having a developing rotary, when a positive direction refers to a circumferential direction of the developing rotary in which the portion of the developing rotary facing a photosensitive drum moves in the same direction as the movement of the circumference of the photosensitive drum, a clear developing unit is farther from the developing unit positioned in the negative direction relative to the clear developing unit than from the developing unit positioned in the positive direction relative to the clear developing unit.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member on which an electrostatic image is formed by imagewise exposure; a rotatable member; a developing device carried on said rotatable member and movable, by rotation of said rotatable member, to a developing position where said developing device is opposed to said image bearing member; a driven gear which is provided in said developing device and which receives a driving force for operating said developing device; and a driving gear, provided in a main assembly of the apparatus, for driving engagement with said driven gear of said developing device which is located at the developing position, wherein said driving gear, when said developing device is moving toward the developing position, is driven such that moving direction thereof is the same as a moving direction of said driven gear at an engagement portion with said driven gear, wherein upon driving engagement between said driven gear and said driving gear, a peripheral speed VA of said driven gear w

Abstract: Provided is a substrate processing apparatus. The substrate processing apparatus comprises a reaction tube; a heating device configured to heat the reaction tube; and a manifold installed outward as compared with the heating device and made of a nonmetallic material. A first thickness of the manifold defined in a direction perpendicular to a center axis of the reaction tube is greater than a second thickness of the manifold defined at a position adjacent to the reaction tube in a direction parallel to the center axis of the reaction tube. The manifold comprises a protrusion part of which at least a portion protrudes inward more than an inner wall of the reaction tube, and a gas supply unit disposed at at least the protrusion part for supplying gas to an inside of the reaction tube.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes color developing units for development with color developing agents, a transparence developing unit for development with a transparent developing agent, a rotary member which holds and rotationally moves the color and transparence developing units toward a development position, a driving device which rotationally drives the rotary member, a toner accumulation portion arranged below the rotary member in a gravity direction, falling toner accumulating therein, and a controller capable of starting image formation after the rotary member is moved to a reference position for rotation start. When the rotary member is located at the reference position, stop control thereof is performed such that at least one color developing unit is located in a region arranged downstream of the transparence developing unit and upstream of a lowermost portion of the rotary member in the gravity direction, with reference to the rotation direction of the rotary member.

Abstract: A printed wiring board for mounting a semiconductor, which printed wiring board has a taper-shaped through hole connecting an upper surface circuit and a lower surface circuit, and/or an internal layer circuit, the taper-shaped through hole being obtained by plating an inner wall surface and a small-diameter side end of a taper-shaped penetration hole with a metal to plate the inner wall surface and seal the small-diameter side end, wherein a ball pad or a bump pad is formed at least a small-diameter side end of the taper-shaped through hole.

Abstract: There is provided a process for producing an optically active 2-alkylcysteine or a salt thereof, characterized by allowing cells of microorganism or treated products thereof having an activity of stereoselective hydrolysis of the amide bond of a 2-alkyl-L-cysteinamide or a salt thereof to act on a 2-alkylcysteinamide consisting of a mixture of D- and L-isomers or a salt thereof; and allowing the obtained 2-alkyl-L-cysteine and 2-alkyl-D-cysteinamide to react with an aldehyde or a ketone, or an acetal or ketal thereof, so as to derive therefrom a 4-alkylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid or a salt thereof and a 4-alkylthiazolidine-4-carboxamide or a salt thereof, thereby efficiently separating and obtaining a 2-alkyl-L-cysteine or a salt thereof, or a 2-alkyl-D-cysteine or a salt thereof. There is also provided a process for producing a 4-alkylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid or a salt thereof from the 2-alkylcysteine or a salt thereof.

Abstract: There is provided a process for producing an optically active 2-alkylcysteine or a salt thereof, characterized by allowing cells of microorganism or treated products thereof having an activity of stereoselective hydrolysis of the amide bond of a 2-alkyl-L-cysteinamide or a salt thereof to act on a 2-alkylcysteinamide consisting of a mixture of D- and L-isomers or a salt thereof; and allowing the obtained 2-alkyl-L-cysteine and 2-alkyl-D-cysteinamide to react with an aldehyde or a ketone, or an acetal or ketal thereof, so as to derive therefrom a 4-alkylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid or a salt thereof and a 4-alkylthiazolidine-4-carboxamide or a salt thereof, thereby efficiently separating and obtaining a 2-alkyl-L-cysteine or a salt thereof, or a 2-alkyl-D-cysteine or a salt thereof. There is also provided a process for producing a 4-alkylthiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid or a salt thereof from the 2-alkylcysteine or a salt thereof.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes: an image bearing member, on which an electrostatic image is formed; a development unit which is provided with a developer bearing member for bearing and conveying a developer, so as to develop the electrostatic image; a storage place which can store therein the developer spattering from the development unit; a shielding member which is disposed in a region outside of a development region in the storage place; and a foreign material collecting member which is disposed in a region farther outside of the shielding member in the storage place.

Abstract: A method for separately collecting an optically active amino acid amide and an optically active amino acid from an aqueous solution containing same, together with at least one member selected from the group consisting of an acid, a base, and a salt, includes a step of neutralizing an acid or base in the aqueous solution, a desalting step of removing a salt contained in the aqueous solution and/or formed in the neutralization step, and a step of separately collecting the optically active amino acid amide/amino acid separately from the desalted aqueous solution by a process which takes advantage of a difference in solubility between the two components in an organic solvent. The desalting step is preferably performed by electrodialysis, optionally with ammonia added to the aqueous solution. The optically active amino acid amide/amino acid can be separately collected with high efficiency using an organic solvent.

Abstract: The image forming apparatus includes a developing device, a movable member, a replenishment device, a developer replenishment path, and a conveyance screw so arranged within the developer replenishment path as not to come into contact with the internal wall of the developer replenishment path, wherein X (g) representing the quantity of the developer for replenishment present in the clearance section between the developer replenishment path and the conveyance screw, Y (g) representing the quantity of the developer in the developing device, Q(?C/mg) representing the absolute value of the electric charge per unit weight of the toner in the developing device, and A(?C/mg) representing the absolute value of the electric charge per unit weight of the toner relative to a 1% variation in the toner density satisfy the condition of a relationship of X?(Y×Q)/(500×A).

Abstract: The developing apparatus includes developer containing parts and a replenishment portion. The developer containing parts contains a developer circularly conveyed in the developer containing parts. The replenishment portion includes a replenish aperture and a regulation surface. The replenishment portion merges a replenishment agent passing through the regulation surface with the developer in the developer containing part. In the developing apparatus, a wall surface of the replenishment portion, located on a downstream side in a developer conveyance direction in the developer containing part facing to the replenishment portion, is formed by being inclined with respect to the developer conveyance direction.

Abstract: A container for adhesive agent, comprises a container main body having a storage section which stores the adhesive agent capable of dispersing as volatilized gas, and a cap which is attached to the storage section, and an outer covering which covers the container main body, wherein a projection is formed on the container main body so that a spaced section in which the volatized gas of the adhesive agent is kept is formed between an outer surface of the container main body and the outer covering.

Abstract: A developing apparatus includes a developer container for containing a developer; a first screw, provided in a first screw, provided in a first chamber in the developer container, for feeding the developer; a second screw, provided in a second chamber in the developer container, for feeding the developer in a direction opposite from that of the first screw; an opening through which the developer is moved between the first chamber and the second chamber; and a developer carrying member, provided in the first chamber, for carrying the developer to effect development of an electrostatic image. At least one of said first screw and said second screw has a multiple thread screw portion having a number n of threads and a thread pitch P.

Abstract: The present invention is a method for separately collecting an optically active amino acid amide and an optically active amino acid from an aqueous solution containing the optically active amino acid amide and the optically active amino acid together with at least one member selected from the group consisting of an acid, a base and a salt: comprising a neutralization step of neutralizing an acid or a base when the aqueous solution contains the acid or the base; a desalting step of removing a salt contained in the aqueous solution and/or formed in the neutralization step; and a step of collecting the optically active amino acid amide and the optically active amino acid separately from the aqueous solution which has been desalted in the desalting step, by a process which takes advantage of a difference in solubility between the two components in an organic solvent. The desalting step is preferably performed by an electrodialysis process optionally in the state where ammonia is added to the aqueous solution.

Abstract: A printed wiring board for mounting a semiconductor, which printed wiring board has a taper-shaped through hole connecting an upper surface circuit and a lower surface circuit, and/or an internal layer circuit, the taper-shaped through hole being obtained by plating an inner wall surface and a small-diameter side end of a taper-shaped penetration hole with a metal to plate the inner wall surface and seal the small-diameter side end, wherein a ball pad or a bump pad is formed at at least a small-diameter side end of the taper-shaped through hole.

Abstract: A process for producing a 2-alkylcysteinamide, which comprises hydrolysis of a 4-alkylthiazolidine-4-carboxamide represented by the general formula (2) or a salt thereof: wherein R represents a lower alkyl group having 1–4 carbon atoms; and each of R1 and R2 independently represents hydrogen or a lower alkyl group having 1–4 carbon atoms, or R1 and R2 are linked together to form an alicyclic, structure having 4–7 carbon atoms, excluding the case where both R1 and R2 are hydrogen, to give a 2-alkylcysteinamide represented by the general formula (1) or a salt thereof wherein R represents a lower alkyl group having 1–4 carbon atoms. Cells of a microorganism or treated products thereof having activity of stereoselective hydrolysis of a 2-alkyl-L-cysteinamide are allowed to act on the compound represented by the general formula (1) to yield a 2-alkyl-L-cysteine.