Abstract: A semiconductor device according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes: a plurality of line layers; a first line; and a second line that is not connected to the first line and is redundantly provided to transfer a signal having a level same as a level of a signal transferred through the first line. The first line and the second line are included in different layers out of the plurality of line layers, and a distance between the first line and the second line is longer than an interlayer distance between line layers next to each other out of the plurality of line layers.

Abstract: A solidified biomass consisting of semi-carbonized or pre-semi-carbonized solid matter is pressure-formed from raw biomass material while being heated under a substantially sealed-up condition to allow hemicellulose among the main components of the raw biomass material, i.e. lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, to be thermally decomposed and to allow a low-temperature reaction to occur between the cellulose and lignin while maintaining their skeletons. The pre-semi-carbonized solid matter or semi-carbonized solid matter has a maximum compressive strength of 60-200 MPa and calorific value of 18-23 MJ/kg.

Abstract: A solidified biomass consisting of semi-carbonized or pre-semi-carbonized solid matter is pressure-formed from raw biomass material while being heated under a substantially sealed-up condition to allow hemicellulose among the main components of the raw biomass material, i.e. lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, to be thermally decomposed and to allow a low-temperature reaction to occur between the cellulose and lignin while maintaining their skeletons. The pre-semi-carbonized solid matter or semi-carbonized solid matter has a maximum compressive strength of 60-200 MPa and calorific value of 18-23 MJ/kg.

Abstract: A solidified biomass consisting of semi-carbonized or pre-semi-carbonized solid matter is pressure-formed from raw biomass material while being heated and has a maximum compressive strength of 60-200 MPa and calorific value of 18-23 MJ/kg. A method for producing the solidified biomass: includes crushing raw biomass material; loading a barrel with the crushed raw biomass material; inserting a pressure applying piston into a hollow of the barrel; pressure-forming the crushed raw biomass materials by applying pressure with the pressure applying piston while heating the material; obtaining semi-carbonized or pre-semi-carbonized solid matter by retaining constant time of the heating and the pressurizing; cooling the semi-carbonized or pre-semi-carbonized solid matter while maintaining pressure to obtain a cooled solid; and taking out and drying the cooled solid, wherein the pressure applying piston and the hollow of the barrel have very small clearance between their outer and inner peripheries.

Abstract: [PROBLEMS] The object of the present invention is to provide solidified biomass utilizable as alternative fuel to coal coke as well as material for a variety of application purposes and methods of producing the same.

Abstract: An analysis method of a lamp member for a vehicle, includes (1) the point group data generation step of generating point group data that represents a region to be analyzed, on the basis of CAD data of a lamp member for a vehicle, (2) the analysis parameter extraction step of extracting analysis parameters required for analysis from a storage device, (3) the analysis parameter accept step of accepting input of the analysis parameters, and (4) the analysis execution step of executing analysis in accordance with a program corresponding to a structure of the lamp member for a vehicle on the basis of the generated point group data, and the accepted analysis parameters.

Abstract: An analysis method of a lamp member for a vehicle, includes (1) the point group data generation step of generating point group data that represents a region to be analyzed, on the basis of CAD data of a lamp member for a vehicle, (2) the analysis parameter extraction step of extracting analysis parameters required for analysis from a storage device, (3) the analysis parameter accept step of accepting input of the analysis parameters, and (4) the analysis execution step of executing analysis in accordance with a program corresponding to a structure of the lamp member for a vehicle on the basis of the generated point group data, and the accepted analysis parameters.

Abstract: A method of producing aldehydes in a hydroformylation system wherein an olefinic compound is reacted with hydrogen and carbon monoxide in a hydroformylation reaction in the presence of a catalyst is provided. The hydroformylation system includes a reactor and a downstream catalyst process path. The temperature in the reactor and downstream catalyst process path is less than approximately 100° C., and preferably less than approximately 85° C., and most preferably less than approximately 80° C., such that formation of high boiler components from the reaction are substantially minimized. Further, the method of the present invention reduces degradation or decomposition of the catalyst, and in particular the ligand compound.

Abstract: A process for producing an aldehyde, which comprises a reaction step of producing an aldehyde by reacting an olefinic compound with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a rhodium complex catalyst comprising at least rhodium and an organic phosphite in a reaction zone, a separation step of obtaining a catalyst solution containing the rhodium complex catalyst by separating the aldehyde from a reaction solution taken from the reaction zone, and a recycling step of recycling the catalyst solution into the reaction zone, wherein the aldehyde is separated from the reaction solution in such a manner as to make an aldehyde concentration from 0.5 to 99 wt % in the catalyst solution.

Abstract: A process for producing an aldehyde, which comprises a reaction step of producing an aldehyde by reacting an olefinic compound with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a rhodium complex catalyst comprising at least rhodium and an organic phosphite in a reaction zone, a separation step of obtaining a catalyst solution containing the rhodium complex catalyst by separating the aldehyde from a reaction solution taken from the reaction zone, and a recycling step of recycling the catalyst solution into the reaction zone, wherein the aldehyde is separated from the reaction solution in such a manner as to make an aldehyde concentration from 0.5 to 99 wt % in the catalyst solution.

Abstract: A process for producing an aldehyde, which comprises a reaction step of producing an aldehyde by reacting an olefinic compound with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a rhodium complex catalyst comprising at least rhodium and an organic phosphite in a reaction zone, a separation step of obtaining a catalyst solution containing the rhodium complex catalyst by separating the aldehyde from a reaction solution taken from the reaction zone, and a recycling step of recycling the catalyst solution into the reaction zone, wherein the aldehyde is separated from the reaction solution in such a manner as to make an aldehyde concentration from 0.5 to 99 wt % in the catalyst solution.

Abstract: A molded material including a fibrous organic compound and a matrix including a resin having rubber elasticity reinforced with the inorganic filler are composited to form a composite sheet with an internal porosity is 10% or less, a specific gravity of 1 to 2, and a thermal conductivity in a thickness direction of 0.4 W/mK or more. The composite sheet has both electrical insulation property and thermal conductivity, is superior in heat resistance and flexibility, and can be used in electrical apparatus with improved heat dissipation characteristic.

Abstract: A method for producing a polyoxyalkylene glycol by ring opening polymerization of a cyclic ether, wherein a zeolite (other than ZSM-5, ZSM-11 and Nu-5) is used as a catalyst.

Abstract: The invention provides a cavity resonator for an electron spin resonance device in which modulation coils for generating a modulation magnetic field to be applied to a sample in the cavity resonator are arranged at an exterior of the cavity resonator. The cavity resonator comprises a body being rectangular-defined by predetermined length, width and height. The body has a pair of side walls being vertical to the modulation magnetic field. The side wall respectively have at least thin portions of a thickness being nearly equal to or less than a skin depth of a skin effect appearing at the side walls. The modulation coils are arranged on the thin portions so as to have the modulation magnetic field be transmitted through the thin portions into the interior of the cavity resonator. Alternatively, it is possible that inner walls of the body are overlaid with metallic foils having at least sufficiently smaller thickness than a skin depth of a skin effect appearing at the walls.

Abstract: In a fixed polarized magnetic field generated by permanent magnets 10, a cylindrical cavity resonator 12 and a coil 14 modulating the magnetic field are provided. A micro-wave f generated from a micro-wave oscillator 16 is supplied through an isolator 18 and a subsequent attenuator 20 and then a circulator 24 to the cavity resonator. The oscillation output of a modulating frequency oscillator 42 is supplied to the coil 14. A movable end plate 60 is moved by a driving feature 58 to vary the resonance frequency f.sub.0 for a detection thereof and a subsequent negative feed back to a micro-wave oscillator 16 through a circuit comprising a low frequency amplifier 48, a phase detector 50, a low frequency oscillator 54, a phase shifter 56 and a micro-wave oscillator power source 52 thereby the micro-wave frequency f is so swept as to be maintained to be equal to the resonance frequency f.sub.0.

Abstract: The invention provides an electron spin resonance device in which a measuring sample is arranged in a cavity resonator in a polarization magnetic field for a receipt of a predetermined microwave power and a subsequent resonance signal detection from said sample. A microwave signal amplifier is arranged on a prestage of a microwave detection circuit for an addition of a part of an output from a microwave oscillator at an input terminal of said amplifier so as to accomplish a balanced cancellation of a microwave reflective power from said cavity resonator.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a process for preparing naphthalene or a derivative thereof, which comprises subjecting a benzene derivative having at least one substituted or non-substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon group and being capable of forming a naphthalene ring to cyclodehydrogenation in the presence of a zirconia catalyst containing chromium in an oxidized state.

Abstract: An electron spin resonance system comprising a magnetic circuit in which a pair of permanent magnets are respectively attached to opposing surfaces of a pair of stationary yokes arranged opposite to each other by way of a gap, a movable yoke is disposed to at least one of the pair of the stationary yokes for continuously changing the distance between opposing surfaces of the stationary yokes, so that the magnetic resistance of a magnetic path formed by the permanent magnets, stationary yokes and movable yokes is varied continuously thereby forming a continuously varying magnetic field in the gap between the opposed permanent magnets, and a modulating magnetic field application coil for applying a modulating magnetic field and/or a sweeping magnetic field application coil for applying a sweeping magnetic field to the gap, a cavity resonator disposed in the gap in which a specimen to be measured can be inserted, and a microwave generator and a microwave detector disposed to the cavity resonator.

Abstract: An over-discharge protection circuit included in a charge circuit in a portable apparatus having a portable portion and a body, the portable portion and body being interconnected by two charging terminals of the body and two terminals of the portable portion when the portable portion is placed on the body, the over-discharge protection circuit comprising: a first resistor connected across a battery charger for detecting a discharge current when a power source of the battery charger is accidentally turned OFF during a charge of the battery; a switching circuit connected between a load and a battery for disconnecting the load and battery when the power source of the battery charger is accidentally turned OFF during a charge of the battery; a switch control circuit connected to the switching circuit through a third resistor for turning the switching circuit ON/OFF; a second resistor connected between the switching circuit and the switch control circuit for controlling a flow of a charge current to the switch con

Abstract: An electron spin resonance system comprising a magnetic circuit in which a pair of permanent magnets are respectively attached to opposing surfaces of a pair of stationary yokes arranged opposite to each other by way of a gap, a movable yoke is disposed to at least one of the pair of the stationary yokes for continuously changing the distance between opposing surfaces of the stationary yokes, so that the magnetic resistance of a magnetic path formed by the permanent magnets, stationary yokes and movable yokes is varied continuously thereby forming a continuously varying magnetic field in the gap between the opposed permanent magnets, and a modulating magnetic field application coil for applying a modulating magnetic field and/or a sweeping magnetic field application coil for applying a sweeping magnetic field to the gap, a cavity resonator disposed in the gap in which a specimen to be measured can be inserted, and a microwave generator and a microwave detector disposed to the cavity resonator.