Abstract: A host device exchanging information with a memory card, the host device including: a charge management module configured to receive payment of a charge corresponding to an increased amount of a usable area if a capacity of the usable area of the memory card for saving user data is increased, and pay out a charge corresponding to the reduced amount of the usable area if the capacity of the usable area is reduced; and a transmission module configured to transmit an area changing command to instruct an increase or a reduction of the usable area in accordance with the charge to the memory card.

Abstract: A wave emitting element emits a light beam to the predetermined position on the outer surface of the cylinder member of the liquid syringe at the predetermined angle, and the light beam is detected at the predetermined position on the outer surface of the cylinder member by a wave detecting element. When the light beam is detected, occurrence of abnormality is determined. Since the position on the cylinder member from which the light beam is directed when the liquid fills the cylinder member is different from that when air is trapped into or fills the cylinder member due to a change in refractive index, the occurrence of abnormality is determined and the check alarm is output when air is trapped into or fills the cylinder member. Thus, a chemical liquid injector which can detect and alarm air, if injected, when the liquid is injected into the patient from the liquid syringe through the extension tube is provided.

Abstract: A memory card device includes a host interface unit configured to receive a plurality of commands from a host apparatus, the commands including at least a memory access command with a memory address of a specific bit width, a nonvolatile semiconductor memory which includes a storage area whose memory size is larger than a maximum memory size that is addressable by the memory address, a bank identification number management unit configured to divide the storage area into a plurality of banks and manage a plurality of bank identification numbers corresponding to the banks, a bank designation unit configured to designate one of the banks in accordance with a bank identification number included in a bank designation command transmitted from the host apparatus, and a memory control unit configured to access the designated one of the banks in accordance with the memory access command with the memory address.

Abstract: A memory card device includes a host interface unit configured to receive a plurality of commands from a host apparatus, the commands including at least a memory access command with a memory address of a specific bit width, a nonvolatile semiconductor memory which includes a storage area whose memory size is larger than a maximum memory size that is addressable by the memory address, a bank identification number management unit configured to divide the storage area into a plurality of banks and manage a plurality of bank identification numbers corresponding to the banks, a bank designation unit configured to designate one of the banks in accordance with a bank identification number included in a bank designation command transmitted from the host apparatus, and a memory control unit configured to access the designated one of the banks in accordance with the memory access command with the memory address.

Abstract: A host device exchanging information with a memory card, the host device including: a charge management module configured to receive payment of a charge corresponding to an increased amount of a usable area if a capacity of the usable area of the memory card for saving user data is increased, and pay out a charge corresponding to the reduced amount of the usable area if the capacity of the usable area is reduced; and a transmission module configured to transmit an area changing command to instruct an increase or a reduction of the usable area in accordance with the charge to the memory card.

Abstract: A heating device for heating air-fuel mixture to be fed to an internal combustion engine has a PTC heat generator having a flat ring-like form with a portion of the inner peripheral surface thereof directly exposed to the passage for the mixture. The heating device also has a heat radiating member having an inner peripheral heat radiating surface confronting the mixture passage and jointed to the PTC heat generator in heat conducting relation therewith.

Abstract: A fuel evaporator comprises a ring-shaped heater element made of PTC ceramic, a pipe made of heat conductive metal and disposed within an air-fuel passage of an internal combustion engine therealong and a pair of terminal members for supplying power to the heater element. The heater element is disposed closely in contact with the outer periphery of the upper end of the pipe. One end of each of the pair of terminal members is closely in contact with each of the upper and under surfaces of the heater element. The fuel evaporator further comprises a plate-shaped compact made of electricity insulating rubber or synthetic resin and formed around the upper end of the pipe. Within the compact, the heater element, the upper end of the pipe and the terminal members are embedded.

Abstract: A thermocouple temperature detecting assembly having a temperature detector provided with a thermocouple as a temperature detecting element is disclosed. In a lead wire which is connected to the temperature detector there is provided in the vicinity of the temperature detector a circuit such as a switching circuit for processing an electric signal in accordance with the ambient temperature. The temperature detector and the signal processing circuit are unseparably connected to each other and a compensating lead wire for compensating for the ambient temperature is used only for a short distance between the temperature detector and the signal processing circuit.