Abstract: A liquid crystal device includes a pair of substrates with a orientation controlling film being provided on at least one of the substrates through a base layer, and a ferroelectric smectic liquid crystal which is disposed between the substrates. The orientation controlling film has a uniaxial orientation processing axis. The ferroelectric smectic liquid crystal generates two different stable orientation states at high and low temperatures regions within the temperature range achieving the ferroelectric smectic phase. The ferroelectric smectic liquid crystal is in one of the two stable orientation states which is generated at the low temperature region when the liquid crystal in the other stable orientation state generated at the high temperature region cools. Where d is the thickness of the orientation controlling film and S is the average surface roughness of the base layer, d and S have the relation expressed by0.ltoreq.S/d<0.70.

Abstract: In producing an electrical double-layer capacitor cell, when the polarizing electrode (61,71) is formed by sintering to the collecting electrode (11,21) obtained by sintering a conductive powder into plate-like form, the contact resistance between the collecting electrode (11,21) and the polarizing electrode (61,71) becomes extremely small. Thereby, the internal resistance of the electrical double-layer capacitor cell becomes small.

Abstract: The polarizing electrode of an electrical double-layer capacitor cell is constituted with solid plate-like polarizing electrodes (61, 71) and paste-like polarizing electrodes (6, 7). The solid plate-like polarizing electrodes (61, 71) are counterposedly arranged by being separated with a separator (5). The paste-like polarizing electrodes (6, 7) are coated on the surfaces at the outside of the solid plate-like polarizing electrodes (61, 71). Since the paste-like polarizing electrodes (6, 7) contact also to the solid plate-like polarizing electrodes (61, 71) and the collecting electrodes (1, 2) well, the contact resistance becomes small.

Abstract: A fluorescence pattern forming method and apparatus includes electron beams being irradiated over a face panel, on which a fluorescence layer is formed, to form a fluorescence pattern on a color CRT. The fluorescence layer is formed by coating a slurry of fluorescence substance. According to predetermined pattern designing data, a control device causes the electron beams to be irradiated over the fluorescence layer on the face panel so that the fluorescence luminesces. This luminescence is detected by a light detector located on the convex side of the face panel. A correcting device gives a correcting signal to the control device to correct the irradiated position according to the detected light quantity.

Abstract: Disclosed is a silver complex diffusion transfer process which comprises processing a photosensitve material comprising a support and at least a silver halide emulsion layer provided thereon and an image receiving material comprising a support and at least an image receiving layer provided thereon which are brought into close contact with each other in a developing processing solution. This process is characterized in that said image receiving layer has 1-3 g/m.sup.2 of a hydrophilic colloid at least 80% by weight of which is gelatin; total amount of hydrophilic colloid present on the emulsion layer side of the photosensitive material is 5-8 g/m.sup.2 ; when the materials are immersed in a 0.1N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution at 20.degree. C. for 1 minute, amount of absorbed solution per 1 g of hydrophilic colloid is 3.

Abstract: A photosensitive material for diffusion transfer process is disclosed according to which characteristic such as high maximum density, high contrast and image reproducibility can be stably obtained. This photosensitive material comprises a support and, provided thereon, a silver halide emulsion layer and a hydrophilic colloid layer and which is processed in contact with an image receiving material in a processing solution for silver complex diffusion transfer process wherein at least one of the silver halide emulsion layer and the hydrophillic colloid layer permeable to water contains a hydroxybenzene developing agent; when the layers on the emulsion layer coated side are immersed in a 0.1N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution at 20.degree. C. for 1 minute, amount of solution absorbed in the layers is 3.5-7.0 ml per 1 g of hydrophilic colloid; and the support comprises a paper coated with polyolefin resin on both sides and has a water content of 5.5%-7.5%.

Abstract: A photosensitive material for diffusion transfer process is disclosed which is superior in image reproducibility and running property of when processed with a processing solution for silver complex diffusion transfer process. This photosensitive material is characterized in that total binder amount on the silver halide emulsion coated side of the photosensitive material is 6-8 g/m.sup.2 and when the silver halide emulsion coated side of the photosensitive material is immersed in a 0.1N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution at 20.degree. C. for 1 minute, amount of the solution absorbed and the total binder amount on the emulsion coated side is 3.5:1-5.5:1.

Abstract: There is disclosed a mesomorphic compound represented by the following formula (I): ##STR1## wherein A.sub.1 denotes a single bond, ##STR2## denotes ##STR3## X denotes hydrogen, a halogen or cyano group; Y denotes oxygen or sulfur; R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 respectively denotes a linear or branched alkyl, alkoxy, alkylcarbonyloxy, alkoxycarbonyl or alkoxycarbonyloxy group each having 1-18 carbon atoms and each capable of having a substituted of chloro, bromo, cyano, alkoxy or akoxycarbonyl group; and B denotes ##STR4## A ferroelectric liquid crystal composition comprises at least two mesomorphic compounds including at least one mesomorphic compound represented by the formula (I). A ferroelectric liquid crystal device is constituted by disposing the ferroelectric liquid crystal composition between a pair of substrates.

Abstract: A ferroelectric liquid crystal device comprises a pair of substrates each provided with an electrode, and a ferroelectric liquid crystal disposed between the pair of substrates. At least one of the pair of substrates has thereon an inorganic oxide layer which has a resistance of 1-10.sup.5 .OMEGA./cm.sup.2 in the direction of the layer thickness and preferably has a pencil hardness of 4H or harder. Because of the provision of the inorganic oxide layer, the ferroelectric liquid crystal device shows good bistability on switching under application of pulse electric fields and yet free of short circuit between the upper and lower electrodes.

Abstract: A carbonaceous cylindrical body including a composite body of a carbonized material of a thin paper-like supporting body having a strength ratio of lengthwise direction to widthwise direction of 2 to 10 and obtained by manufacturing a paper-like body so that its carbonizable fibers are oriented and a carbonaceous matrix having an optically isotropic structure under a polarizing microscope and which shows a carbon content of at least 85% by weight, an oxygen gas permeation coefficient of 10.sup.-2 to 10.sup.-7 cm.sup.2 /sec. under a partial pressure of oxygen of 1 atmosphere and a bulk density of from 1.4 to 1.9 g/cm.sup.3. A process for producing the carbonaceous cylindrical body is also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a process for producing a carbonaceous thin plate comprisingdisposing a composite material comprising a carbonaceous raw material which is carbonized and solidifies after being softened by heating and paper-like substances which are carbonized without melting between the pressing-surfaces of a heating press, so as to sandwich said carbonaceous raw material between said paper-like substances and to contact said paper-like substances with each of the pressing-surfaces of said heating press,press-molding said composite material by raising a temperature of said heating presscontinuously heating the thus press-molded composite material under a pressure, thereby carbonizing the thus press-molded composite material, andcalcining the thus carbonized material under a reduced-pressure or in an inert gas.

Abstract: A three-roller bending apparatus having a movable top roller and two stationary bottom rollers has a curvature measuring unit for automatically measuring the radius of curvature of a workpiece being bent and for displaying the measured value for an operator. The curvature measuring unit comprises three probes, at least one of which is a movable probe whose displacement produces an electrical output signal while the remaining probes are stationary. The probes are made to contact the surface of a workpiece, and the electrical output signal is applied to a calculating and display unit which calculates the radius of curvature of the workpiece and displays the result. The apparatus may further comprise a CPU which automatically controls both the rolling of the workpiece and the operation of the curvature measuring unit and determines when to terminate rolling based on the output of the curvature measuring unit.

Abstract: When the slotted conductor 1e and the end rings 1d of the squirrel-cage type rotor core 1 are to be formed, molten aluminum is filled in them at a flow rate of 1.5 m/sec. or below, and then the molten aluminum is solidified under a pressure as high as 400 kg/cm.sup.2 or above, whereby improved density of aluminum as solidified is attained in a range of from 2.64 to 2.70 g/cm.sup.3. On account of this, there can be effectively obtained a squirrel-cage type rotor with improved torque characteristic, quality and operational reliability, thus realizing reduction in size and weight of the motor.

Abstract: An illumination device is provided which comprises a light source, a first light-deflecting means for converting the rays emitted from the light source into parallel rays and a second light-deflecting means for directing the parallel rays to an object to be illuminated.

Abstract: A liquid crystal device of a cell structure having a pair of base plates, and a liquid crystal disposed between the base plates and in contact with an adsorbent for ionic substance in the cell. The liquid crystal device is particularly adapted for being constituted as a type driven by a thin film transistor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a processing composition for silver complex diffusion transfer process which contains the following constituents (A) to (E) or (A) to (F):______________________________________ (A) MOH (M is an alkali metal) 0.05-0.2 mole/l (B) an alkanolamine 0.25-0.7 mole/l (C) a sulfite 0.4-0.7 mole/l (D) a thiosulfate 0.03-0.08 mole/l (E) a p-dihydroxybenzene .gtoreq.0.07 mole/l (F) a benzotriazole 10.sup.-4 -10.sup.-2 mole/l, ______________________________________the sum of (A) and (B) being 0.4 to 0.8 mole/l and the molar ratio of (B) to (A) being above 2.0. This composition can produce images and tone without scumming.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for forming a colored photographic image, wherein a photographic material bearing a silver image is subjected to an etching-bleach treatment and the unbleached areas are colored with a coloring solution to form a colored image, which comprises before or/and after said etching-bleach treatment coloring said photographic material with a coloring solution containing at least a water-soluble dye and a glycol ether. Thus obtained colored image may be further transferred to another substrate material.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus comprises an exposure light source, an image bearing member and a printer head interposed therebetween. The printer head has a micro-shutter array which comprises a plurality of micro-shutters arranged in a matrix comprising a plurality of rows and a plurality of columns. Each micro-shutter comprises a first electrode connected to a terminal of a thin film transistor, a second electrode forming a common electrode and a liquid crystal interposed therebetween. On the first electrode is further provided an opposing conductor film through an insulating film, whereby a charge storage capacitor is formed. Because of the charge storage capacitor, an effective voltage applied across the liquid crystal is kept at a high level, whereby an optical signal with good contrast is given to the image bearing member even when the printer head is driven according to a high degree of time-division scheme.

Abstract: A vibration damping system in a vehicle is provided with an internal combustion engine, the system being provided with a first flywheel connected to the engine and a second flywheel connected to a drive train mechanism of the vehicle. A damping apparatus, capable of generating an elastic force, as well as a frictional force, is arranged between the flywheels. The total moment of inertia of the portion of the system which is located on the drive side, including the engine and the first flywheel, is equal to the total the moment of inertia of the portion of the system which is located on the driven side, including the drive train mechanism and the second flywheel.

Abstract: An automatic seatbelt system which has a flexible tape extending continuously along a vehicle body form a roof side portion through a center pillar to a door so as to move a shoulder webbing connected to the roof side portion and a lab webbing connected to the door at the same time by a single driving sprocket wheel in response to an occupant entering or leaving a vehicle. The tape has a plurality of openings along the longitudinal direction thereof and the sprocket wheel is meshed with the tape by the openings. A shoulder guide rail is provided along the roof side portion of the vehicle body, within which a shoulder guide member guiding the shoulder webbing and connected to the trape is slidably received. A lap guide rail is provided along the door, within which a lap guide member guiding the lap webbing and connected to the tape is slidably received.