Abstract: A polymer optical waveguide includes: a core; and a cladding enclosing the core and extending along a direction of light propagation, the polymer optical waveguide having a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape, and the polymer optical waveguide having, at least at a position near one end thereof in a longitudinal direction, a groove that has a surface inclined at an angle of 45° with respect to the light propagation direction which reflects light propagating through the core so as to change the light propagation direction by 90°.

Abstract: A stacked piezoelectric device 1 including a ceramic laminate formed by laminating piezoelectric ceramic layers and inner electrode layers alternately and a pair of side electrodes. The inner electrode layers 13 and 14 have inner electrode portions 131 and 141 and the recessed portions 132 and 142. The ceramic laminate 15 has the stress absorbing portions 11 and 12. A recessed distance of one of two of the recessed portions 132 and 142 which interleave the stress absorbing portions 11 and 12 therebetween which is located on the same side surface as the stress absorbing portion 11 or 12 is greater than the depth of the stress absorbing portion 11 and 12.

Abstract: A sealed battery is provided in which a case is partially provided with a safety valve that is provided with a thin portion, which is formed thinner than the peripheral portion of the safety valve. A portion of the safety valve surrounding the thin portion is provided with a slit for preventing heat conduction from the other portions of the case to the thin portion, said slit being formed so as to surround the thin portion.

Abstract: A safety valve (40, 140, 240, 340) formed in a portion of a case of a sealed battery includes a fracture groove portion (50, 150, 250, 350) formed in a thin portion (42, 142, 242, 342). The thin portion (42, 142, 242, 342) is formed in a horizontally long shape or a vertically long shape that has a curved outer edge portion (45, 145, 245, 345) in which at least a portion of the outer edge portion (43) is curved. This thin portion (42, 142, 242, 342) has a center straight groove portion (60, 160, 260, 360) that extends in the longer direction of the thin portion in the center portion of the thin portion, and a pair of side groove portions (70, 170, 270, 370) that are formed in both side in the longer direction of the center straight groove portion (60, 160, 260, 360) and connected to longer direction end portions (60A, 60B, 160A, 160B, 260A, 260B) of the center straight groove portion.

Abstract: An optical waveguide film includes: an optical waveguide film main body including an optical waveguide core through which light travels and a cladding portion that encloses the optical waveguide core and has a lower refractive index than that of the optical waveguide core; and a marking member that is disposed at least at a portion of a principal surface of the optical waveguide film main body so as to protrude from the principal surface and that includes, at a surface thereof, a groove-shaped mark for positioning.

Abstract: An optical waveguide comprising: a waveguide core through which light propagates; a cladding that surrounds the waveguide core and has a refractive index that is less than the refractive index of the waveguide core; a metal layer that is formed on a surface of at least one end of the optical waveguide in a longitudinal direction, the surface being inclined so as not to be perpendicular to the longitudinal direction; and a channel that is formed at a portion of an outer surface of the cladding, the outer surface forming an acute angle with the inclined surface, and the channel being positioned such that light entering the optical waveguide adjacent the channel is reflected by the inclined surface into the waveguide core.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the invention, an optical functional element includes a substrate, a semiconductor element portion, and a light emitting element portion. The semiconductor element portion includes a first part of a semiconductor multi layer structure formed on the substrate. The light emitting element portion includes a second part of the semiconductor multi layer structure and light emitting element structure formed on the second part of the semiconductor multi layer structure.

Abstract: A positioning and ranging system includes a transmitter transmits a plurality of impulses; and a receiver receives the impulses; the receiver includes an initial detection unit records a sensing time of a first impulse among a plurality of impulses transmitted by the transmitter; a sensing margin detection unit for detecting a sensing margin being a difference between a field intensity of the first impulse and a reception limit field intensity of the receiver; a correction unit identifies a sensing error differential time based on a given relationship between the sensing margin and the sensing error differential time, and corrects the sensing time detected by the initial detection unit using the identified sensing error differential time; the system measures a distance between the transmitter and the receiver and a position of the transmitter based on a time the transmitter transmits the first impulse and a time the receiver receives the impulse.

Abstract: An optical waveguide includes: an optical waveguide core through which light propagates, at least one end portion of the optical waveguide core in a longitudinal direction thereof having an inclined surface; a reflective layer provided on the inclined surface and formed by a metal layer of silver or a silver alloy; a protective layer disposed to cover the reflective layer; and a cladding portion enclosing the optical waveguide core and having a lower refractive index than that of the optical waveguide core.

Abstract: An optical waveguide film includes an optical waveguide film main body having an optical waveguide core through which light is propagated, and a cladding portion that encloses the optical waveguide core and has a lower refractive index than that of the optical waveguide core; and an electric wiring layer formed on at least a part of a principal surface of the optical waveguide film main body.

Abstract: An optical element mounting method includes: illuminating ultraviolet light onto a polymer optical waveguide device; under the ultraviolet light illumination, capturing, by an image pickup device, the polymer optical waveguide device including a light incident/exiting position of a waveguide core; and judging, from a difference between bright and dark in a captured image, that a portion brighter than other portions or a portion darker than other portions is the light incident/exiting position of the waveguide core.

Abstract: An optical waveguide includes: a core portion through which light propagates; a cladding portion enclosing the core portion along a direction of light propagation, and a colored resin for position recognition marking, the optical waveguide having substantially planar outer surfaces including principal surfaces thereof, and the colored resin being embedded in the optical waveguide at a position that does not substantially overlap the core portion when viewed from a direction perpendicular to a principal surface of the optical waveguide and does not substantially contact the core portion.

Abstract: An optical waveguide film includes: an optical waveguide film main body including an optical waveguide core through which light travels and a cladding portion that surrounds the optical waveguide core and has a lower refractive index than that of the optical waveguide core; an electric wiring portion including silver or a silver alloy and formed on at least a part of a principal surface of the optical waveguide film main body; and a protective layer including a titanium layer or a titanium alloy layer and disposed to cover the electric wiring portion.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a polymer optical circuit is provided. The method includes structuring a mold with a main mold and an auxiliary mold. The main mold has a first concavity corresponding to a first portion of the waveguide core, a second concavity corresponding to an end portion of the waveguide core with a specific shape, an injection hole for injecting a resin into the concavities, and a suction hole for suctioning-out the resin. The auxiliary mold has a shape corresponding to the specific shape of the end portion of the waveguide core. The method also includes firmly sticking a clad base film to a surface of the mold where the concavities are formed; filling the concavities with resin by injecting the resin via the injection hole and suctioning the resin via the suction hole; and forming the waveguide core by curing the resin.

Abstract: An optical waveguide comprising: a waveguide core through which light propagates; a cladding that surrounds the waveguide core and has a refractive index that is less than the refractive index of the waveguide core; a metal layer that is formed on a surface of at least one end of the optical waveguide in a longitudinal direction, the surface being inclined so as not to be perpendicular to the longitudinal direction; and a channel that is formed at a portion of an outer surface of the cladding, the outer surface forming an acute angle with the inclined surface, and the channel being positioned such that light entering the optical waveguide adjacent the channel is reflected by the inclined surface into the waveguide core.

Abstract: A polymer optical waveguide includes: at least one core through which light propagates; a cladding which surrounds the core and has a refractive index less than that of the core; at least one conductive wire being provided on at least one side of the cladding, the polymer optical waveguide having a sheet shape, the conductive wire including a conductive layer which is provided on the at least one side of the cladding and being partitioned by a first groove, and the core being formed between second grooves each of which is formed in at least a part of the first groove.

Abstract: An optical waveguide device includes: a waveguide core that guides light; a mirror surface that deflects light coming from the waveguide core by 90°; a main waveguide core that guides light deflected at the mirror surface; a waveguide core for monitoring that branches the light deflected at the mirror surface off from the main waveguide core, and guides the light in a different direction, the mirror surface being disposed at a branching portion of the waveguide core for monitoring; and a clad portion that surrounds the waveguide core, the main waveguide core and the waveguide core for monitoring.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an optical waveguide includes forming a core layer on a first clad layer, forming a second clad layer on the core layer, forming a first groove including at least one inclined surface in the second clad layer and the core layer to be in substantially parallel to and near one end of the second clad layer and one end of the core layer, the at least one inclined surface of the first groove having such an angle that the core layer is exposed when viewed above the second clad layer, forming a second groove including at least one inclined surface in the second clad layer on a inner side of the first groove, forming a separation groove in the clad layers and the core layer in a direction intersecting the first groove, and forming a plurality of cores intersecting the first groove.

Abstract: A stacked piezoelectric device 1 including a ceramic laminate formed by laminating piezoelectric ceramic layers and inner electrode layers alternately and a pair of side electrodes. The inner electrode layers 13 and 14 have inner electrode portions 131 and 141 and the recessed portions 132 and 142. The ceramic laminate 15 has the stress absorbing portions 11 and 12. A recessed distance of one of two of the recessed portions 132 and 142 which interleave the stress absorbing portions 11 and 12 therebetween which is located on the same side surface as the stress absorbing portion 11 or 12 is greater than the depth of the stress absorbing portion 11 and 12.

Abstract: A stacked piezoelectric device 1 includes a ceramic laminate 15 formed by laminating a plurality of piezoelectric ceramic layers 11 and a plurality of inner electrode layers 13 and 14 alternately and a pair of side electrodes 17 and 18 formed on side surfaces thereof. The inner electrode layers 13 and 14 are connected electrically to either of the side electrodes. The ceramic laminate 15 has absorbing portions 12 formed in slit-like areas recessed inwardly from the side surfaces thereof. The stress absorbing portions are easier to deform than the piezoelectric ceramic layers 11. Adjacent two of the inner electrode layers 13 and 14 interleaving the stress absorbing portion 12 therebetween are both connected electrically to the positive side electrode 17.