Abstract: To provide a communication system, a card, a card management server, and a communication method for matching a value on a card with a value at a management server even when the card is written online. A server state flag and a card state flag are created to indicate the processing state of the management server and the processing state of the card, respectively. The server state flag and the card state flag are occasionally updated during communication between the card and the management server. On the basis of the card state flag, it is determined whether or not the writing by the management server to the card is completed normally. When the writing is not completed normally, the card is rewritten the next time communication is established between the card and the management server, the rewriting being defined in accordance with the card state flag and the server state flag.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fiber-treating process wherein fiber is treated, in the presence of a polymerization initiator, with a fiber-treating composition containing (A) reactive protein synthesized by chemically bonding protein with a compound having polymerizable unsaturated group(s) or (A′) grafted protein which has been produced by graft-copolymerizing (C) hydrophilic monomer having vinyl group(s) onto (A) reactive protein synthesized by chemically bonding protein with a compound having polymerizable unsaturated group(s), and (B) hydrophilic monomer having vinyl group(s).

Abstract: The present invention provides an oligomer inhibitor for polyester fiber that fundamentally solves the troubles caused from oligomer in dyeing process of polyester fiber or polyester blend fiber, a combination of polyester fiber and other fibers, without adverse effect on the dyeability of fiber.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing porous structure having similar properties to that of the porous structure produced with conventional urethane resin solution in organic solvent and suitable for artificial leather, wherein the environmental pollution in the production process with a urethane resin solution in organic solvent and adverse effect on human health caused from remained organic solvent are solved and the problems caused from nonuniform pores produced with urethane resin emulsion are solved.

Abstract: An effective electronic settlement system in which the number of checks is small. The electronic settlement system includes a data storage device such as an IC card in which value information is stored, a client device provided with an information input/output function to the data storage device, a store device for providing commodities or services, a settlement management device for managing settlement between the data storage device and the store device, and a communication system for connecting the client device, the store device, and the settlement management device so as to enable bidirectional communication.