Abstract: A wireless apparatus according to one aspect of the present invention includes a reception unit configured to receive, on a frequency channel, a frame including first identification information for identifying the priority level of the frame, and a carrier sensing control unit configured to determine a threshold based on the first identification information, and determine a usage state of the frequency channel based on a comparison between received power of the frame and the determined threshold.

Abstract: A transmitting station (TX) of an embodiment includes first and second radio signal processing units (STA1 and STA2) and a link management unit (LM). The link management unit establishes multi-link with a receiving station by using the first and second radio signal processing units, and manages communication using the multi-link. The link management unit distributes a plurality of data units to the first and second radio signal processing units. The first radio signal processing unit transmits a first data unit group among the plurality of data units to the receiving station, and transmits first information indicating the sequence number of the data unit included in the first data unit group to the receiving station.

Abstract: A disclosed log monitoring method includes: receiving identification information of a user among a plurality of users and execution log data for software associated with the user; obtaining a detection condition associated with the received identification information from a storage that stores detection conditions each of which is associated with identification information of a user; determining whether the received execution log data satisfies the obtained detection condition; and outputting a result of the determining.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an aluminium grain material having significantly high purity, and a method for producing the same. Disclosed is an aluminium grain material having an average mass per grain of 0.01 to 10 g, wherein the total content of twelve elements of silicon (Si), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), magnesium (Mg), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), gallium (Ga), and zirconium (Zr) in the aluminium grain material, measured by glow discharge mass spectrometry, is 5 ppm by mass or less.

Abstract: A vitrified grinding stone includes: abrasive grains; an inorganic binder that binds the abrasive grains; and air-communicating pores that are formed between the abrasive grains and the inorganic binder, micro-capsules that each encapsulate a lubricant and each have a diameter that is smaller than that of the air-communicating pore, being fixed on an inner wall surface of each of the air-communicating pores by an adhesive.

Abstract: A ROADM device generates link information including a virtual link in which a first link that is used by a node apparatus for transmitting a signal and a second link of a ROADM device that is capable of branching a signal transmitted via the first link when the signal is transmitted via a WDM network are virtually connected each other, and transmits the generated link information.

Abstract: A synthetic resin leather has a substrate and a synthetic resin layer attached to the substrate. The substrate is a both sides cross-knitted fabric and is prepared by cross-knitting a first yarn with 10 to 40 in count including single spun or mixed spun fibers made of rayon, cotton, polyester, nylon, acryl, or urethane and a second yarn with 50 to 300 in denier including crimpy long fiber filaments, thermoplastic elastomer long fiber filaments or polyurethane long fiber filaments; and knitting the both-sided cross-knitted fabric so loops made of the first yarn and loops made of the second yarn are formed on the front and rear sides of the substrate and are in alternating positions on the front side as compared to the rear side; and, on each side of the substrate, loops of the first and second yarns are formed in alternating positions in longitudinal and transverse directions.

Abstract: When opposed communication transmitting apparatuses A and C are connected in a physical configuration thorough a communication transmitting apparatus B, if an interface configuration changing command is input to the communication transmitting apparatus B, the interface configuration is changed in the communication transmitting apparatus B and virtual connection is achieved such that the opposed communication transmitting apparatuses A and C pass through the communication transmitting apparatus B to directly connect an interface A1 and an interface C1. In this situation, since the GMPLS operation target apparatuses are only the communication transmitting apparatus A and the communication transmitting apparatus C and the communication transmitting apparatus B is a non-target apparatus of the GMPLS operation, the GMPLS scalability problem is solved and optical signals may be transferred at higher speed.

Abstract: A route designing method in which there is accepted an input of user information containing information about bandwidth of an access link serving as a link for connecting each of user sites to a relay node, and information showing the relay node connecting to the user site via the access link, topology information of a network for relaying the communications between the user sites is acquired, a communication relay port and a communication non-relay port are obtained based on the user information and the topology information, an upper limit of the communication bandwidth available for the user on the communication relay port is obtained, a route design so that the user sites are connected by a tree-shaped route is performed, and a result of the route design is outputted.

Abstract: A vitrified grinding stone includes: abrasive grains; an inorganic binder that binds the abrasive grains; and air-communicating pores that are formed between the abrasive grains and the inorganic binder, micro-capsules that each encapsulate a lubricant and each have a diameter that is smaller than that of the air-communicating pore, being fixed on an inner wall surface of each of the air-communicating pores by an adhesive.

Abstract: A transmission system, having a plurality of delivery server side routers which communicate with a plurality of delivery servers for delivering a content; and a client side router which communicates with a client device for receiving the content, is configured to include: a database for storing server load states of the plurality of delivery servers, and respective individual link load states for a plurality of delivery paths between the plurality of delivery server side routers and the client side router; and a path control unit for determining a minimum load state delivery path having a minimum load state among the plurality of delivery paths, based on sums of the server load states and the respective individual link load states stored in the database.

Abstract: A node for configuring a ring type network system in such a mode that a plurality of physical links belonging to difference rings exists between nodes opposite to each other, has a storage unit stored with link associated information representing an associated relationship between ports of physical links and a port of a virtual link virtually set up to at least one physical link, ring configuration information representing a paired relationship of the ports of the physical links configuring the different ring, port numbers of both ends of the physical link and port numbers of both ends of the virtual link, and a processing unit executing a process of transmitting, to other nodes, such information that one virtual link is associated with the plurality of physical links belonging to the different ring, and setting up, when receiving a signaling message for setting up a path, the path passing through the same ring on the basis of pass route information in the message and the storage information stored in the sto

Abstract: To provide a device and a method enabling a user to judge which route a path used at the present traces without being aware of whether the now-in-use path is a working path or a recovery path. A relay device positioned at a diverging node between the working path and the recovery path, when forwarding a message (e.g., a Path message and a Resv message each containing RRO) used for route trace, judges which type of path the path employed for forwarding the data at the present is coincident with and forwards the data to the relay device disposed on the in-use path, thereby actualizing the trace of the route used for forwarding the data at the present.

Abstract: A relay node used in a WDM optical network is disclosed. The relay node includes: a high-speed side port configured to send and receive a high-speed signal; a low-speed side port configured to send and receive a low-speed signal; a unit configured to generates a checking message for requesting another node to report constraint information of a low-speed side port of the another node, wherein the constraint information relates to adding an optical signal from the low-speed side port to a high-speed side port of the another node or dropping an optical signal from the high-speed side port to the low-speed side port of the another node; a unit configured to generate a response message including the constraint information of the own node in response to receiving the checking message sent from the another node; and a storing unit configured to store at least the constraint information of the another node.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel and improved synthetic resin leather comprising a substrate and a synthetic resin layer, wherein it has reduced difference of elongations between in a longitudinal direction and in a transverse direction, desirable thickness, no melting during combustion and excellent feelings and good flame retardant property, which is suitable for use in general applications such as interior finishing materials and/or seats for automobile.

Abstract: A transmission device, which carries out a route control of a frame based on a label included in the frame in a ring network, includes: a generating unit that generates a message for collecting information on first/second labels allocatable to working/standby routes; a transmitting unit that transmits the message in the ring network; a receiving unit that receives the message after being circulated in the ring network; and a selecting unit that selects one of the first/second labels for the working/standby route based on the information included in the message.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a communication path calculation method and module. More particularly, the present invention provides a communication path calculation method and module that are implemented or incorporated in a transmission apparatus including a ROADM or the like which performs WDM communication, advertises information on a wavelength which can be added or dropped, as information on a link, and uses the information to autonomously calculate a communication path. Optical transmission equipment that is accommodated in a WDM network over which a wavelength-division multiplexed signal is transferred includes a reconfigurable OADM module. For calculation of a communication path, the OADM module creates a link table listing clients of the own equipment and connected WDMs, and advertises the link table to the other pieces of equipment accommodated by the network as pieces of information on restrictions to be imposed on routing from the own equipment.

Abstract: A path routing computation method enables reduction of the memory capacity for path routing computation. The method is characterized in that a wavelength convertible subnetwork in which paths are connected in a mesh form; a first and second wavelength inconvertible subnetworks have a starting point node and an end point node, respectively, and include a plurality of nodes and connected via the wavelength convertible subnetwork, and out of the nodes constituting the first and second wavelength inconvertible subnetworks, a node has a port connected to the wavelength convertible subnetwork is defined as a border node, and the method includes the steps of: obtaining, for the first wavelength inconvertible subnetwork, a path from the starting point node to a border node in the first subnetwork; and obtaining, for the second wavelength inconvertible subnetwork, a path from the end point node to a border node in the second wavelength inconvertible subnetwork.

Abstract: A signaling system able to improve the efficiency of utilization of network resources and autonomously set a correct spare route, that is, a signaling system setting a path passing through two rings interconnected by a plurality of nodes by signaling wherein each node is provided with an inter-node connection information table including topology information in the network and a branch node judgment unit for judging whether a home node is a branch node based on the content of the inter-node connection information table and wherein when the home node receives a signaling message for setting a working path and it is judged that the node is a branch node, the signaling of the spare path is started for the destination node of the spare path based on the information in the inter-node connection information table so as to autonomous set the spare path.

Abstract: A node in a first ring stores therein connection information about connecting nodes between a second ring and a third ring. Upon receiving a route of a working path by a signaling, the node determines any one of nodes composing the second ring as a branch node. If the working path is not terminated on an end node that the working path ends in the second ring thereon, and also if no node composing the second ring stores therein connection information between the end node and any one of the connecting nodes in the third ring that is connected to the second ring, the node compares each condition of selectable routes of a backup path between the end node and the branch node, and selects any one of the selectable routes as the backup path based on a result of comparison.