Abstract: A circuit to extract spectrally spread additional information superimposed on the video signal rapidly and correctly. The output device 10 generates the PN code string every second vertical interval with reference to the video sync signal, and spectrally spreads the additional information using this PN code string. The spectrally spread additional information is superimposed on the video signal every second vertical interval and outputted. Upon receiving the video signal, in the recording device for recording the video signal on a recording medium, the video signal component cancel each other between the video signal component in the vertical interval on which the additional information is superimposed and the video signal component in the vertical interval on which the additional information is not superimposed because of the field correlation of the video signal, and only the additional information is extracted.

Abstract: The level of the spectrally spread anti-duplication control signal to be superimposed on an information signal such as a video signal is changed by using a random number RD generated by a random number generation unit 163. Since it is made difficult to follow after the change of the level of the spectrally spread anti-duplication control signal, elimination of the anti-duplication control signal from the information signal is made further difficult. This can surely provide the anti-duplication control signal to the receiving side.

Abstract: A spread code generation section outputs selectively one of a plurality of different spectral spread codes corresponding to an anti-duplication control signal for indicating the content of the duplication prevention control such as duplication permission, duplication inhibition, and duplication of generation restriction of a video signal in a recording medium. the plurality of spectral spread codes is different in phase or series, or generated by multiplying a specified spread code by the plurality of different orthogonal codes. An additional information signal is spectrally spread using the selected spread code, and superimposed on the video signal to output a combined information signal.

Abstract: A spread code string containing a plurality of chips per interval in one horizontal interval or containing a plurality of chips per interval in one vertical interval is generated synchronously with the vertical sync signal at the generation star timing having a period of one vertical period or having a period of a plurality of vertical periods. The generated spread code string repeats over a plurality of horizontal intervals or a plurality of vertical intervals so that the chips having the same data are arranged in spatial direction of the vertical direction or the time axis direction in picture unit. The additional information is spectrally spread so that the chips having the same data are arranged at least in the interval in each 1 horizontal interval or in each 1 vertical interval of the above-mentioned repetition interval, and the generated spectral spread signal is superimposed on the video signal.

Abstract: An additional information f2a previously superimposed repeatedly four times with a period shorter than the decoding period of a spread information on an information signal f1a by way of spectral spread is detected four times by way of an additional information signal detection section by way of inversion spread based on a spectrally spread PN signal f5a from a PN generation section, the coincidence detection section confirms coincidence of four detection results, and thus the superimposition of the additional information f2a is finalized, therefore the additional information f2a is detected within a short time because of a short period of the spectral spread, the additional information f2a is detected with high detection accuracy with a small spread gain by way of confirming the coincidence of four detections, and a write section can perform write inhibition properly based on detection of the additional information f2a.

Abstract: An image transmission method, image anti-duplication method, image anti-duplication device, and image recording medium in which information for anti-duplication control is superimposed on a video signal without deterioration of the resultant video signal and the information is extracted accurately and quickly to perform anti-duplication control. An output device starts generation of pseudo-noise (PN) corresponding to a PN code start timing signal generated based on a video sync signal. One chip interval of the PN code is divided into a plurality of divided chips corresponding to a PN code inversion timing signal HT, and an original value of a chip is inverted on an alternate one divided interval to generate a PN inversion code. An anti-duplication control signal is subjected to spectral spreading using the PN inversion code and superimposed on the video signal.

Abstract: Video signals are converted into one or more blocks for each predetermined unit amount of data, and a discrete cosine transform (DCT) process is performed in the blocks to convert a video signal from a time-base area signal to a DCT coefficient in a frequency area for data compression. One chip of a spread spectrum signal is allocated to each block of the video signal or to each of a plurality of blocks, and additional information is superimposed on the video signal at a constant level corresponding to a chip value for transmission. The video signal on which the additional information consisting of the spread spectrum signal transmitted has been superimposed is received, and from this received signal, a DC component of the DCT coefficient is extracted. Inverse spread spectrum processing is performed for the DC component of the DCT coefficient extracted to detect the additional information.

Abstract: The invention intends to reliably the control of duplicating information signals. In the duplication control method according to the invention, a main information signal containing a duplication control information transformed into a spread spectrum signal to be superimposed and a duplication control information superimposed by a processing different from the spectrum spreading is transmitted. The duplication control information transformed into a spread spectrum signal is extracted from the main information signal by reverse spectrum spreading, and the duplication control information superimposed by the different processing is extracted from the main information signal. Information closest to duplication prohibition is selected as an output duplication control information out of the plural extracted duplication control information. On the basis of the selected output duplication control information, the main information signal is controlled on duplication.

Abstract: When an information signal recorded in a magnetic card is updated by an information recording and updating apparatus, a spectrum spread signal corresponding to the updated information signal is generated and it is then recorded superimposed on to the information recorded previously in the magnetic card without erasing the old information. Since the information is spectrum spread, alteration is difficult. Moreover, the magnetic card may be discriminated whether it may be used or not by considering the old information recorded in the magnetic card when it is used.

Abstract: Additional information is superimposed consistently while the disturbance of a picture due to excessive superimposition is suppressed. The device superimposes a spectrally spread additional information on a video signal. Inverse spread processing is performed on the video signal, and an SS additional information detection circuit detects whether additional information is superimposed already on the video signal. Based on the detection result performed by the additional information detection circuit, superimposition of the spectrally spread signal supplied from the spectrally spread signal generator on the video signal is controlled. A superimposition control method such as superimposition ON/OFF control, superimposition level control, or spread code string control is performed.

Abstract: A playback device 10 generates a PN code with a start timing based on a video sync signal, and generates a pseudo random noise (PN) inverse code which has a reverse polarity to that of the PN code with a timing based on the video sync signal. An anti-duplication control signal is spectrally spread using this PN code, superimposed on the video signal and supplied to a recording device. A PN inverse code which is the same as the PN inverse code used in the playback device is also generated in the recording device based on the video sync signal, and reverse spectral spread is performed using this PN inverse code.

Abstract: A synthetic information signal generated by superimposing one spreading code selected out of predetermined plural spectrum spreading codes different in a phase or a code series on a main information signal is output according to a reproduction control signal for controlling the prohibition and the allowance of recording the above main information signal on a recording medium, a reproduction control signal according to the result of detecting the spreading code in the synthetic signal is generated and the main information signal is recorded on the recording medium according to the reproduction control signal.

Abstract: A camera is loadable with a film cartridge having a rotary spool connected with a film and a bar code disk rotatable with the rotary spool and provided with a bar code for indicating photographing information of the film. While the rotary spool is being rotated, the bar code on the bar code disk is read by two readers to judge whether the film has been exposed. Code data is generated based on a read signal produced by the readers after the bar code disk rotates together with the rotary spool a predetermined rotation amount after the film is judged to have not been exposed, and is decoded into film information.

Abstract: An apparatus for switching a video signal comprises a switch for switching a video signal from one to another, a memory for storing an output of the switch, a detector for detecting a switch signal, a switch control circuit for controlling the switch in response to the switch signal, and a memory control circuit for controlling writing and reading of the memory, wherein when the switch signal is detected, the memory control circuit continues to write one video signal until a sync. (synchronizing) signal of the one video signal is detected and after a predetermined period write another video signal when a sync. signal of the other video signal is detected.

Abstract: Finely powdered coating compositions comprising (1) an unsaturated polyester resin made up of (a) a polyol component containing not less than 30 mole percent of a glycol having cycloalkylene or phenylene group and (b) an unsaturated polycarboxylic acid component containing tetrahydrophthalic acid and/or a drying oil fatty acid, (2) a solid vinyl or allyl compound and (3) a curing catalyst, give coating layers which are very hard, tough and resistant to solvents by powder coating methods.

Abstract: A paperboard impregnated with polyurethane resin having specific NCO content and average molecular weight at the rate of 0.05 to 5.0 weight percent relative to the paperboard has excellent mechanical properties such as compressive strength, tensile strength, tearing strength, folding endurance, etc., even in wet state.

Abstract: An apparatus for continuously making a mixture of viscous material with solid material, which comprises a pair of spaced mixing rolls for dragging the viscous material and the solid material into a gap between the mixing rolls to permit the materials to be mixed together. A pair of removal rolls, each rotatable at a higher speed than any of the mixing rolls, are provided below the mixing rolls respectively spaced a predetermined distance from the associated mixing rolls for removing layers of the mixture sticking in part to one mixing roll and in part to the other mixing roll, off from the mixing rolls. The mixture removed from the mixing rolls by the removal rolls falls downwardly onto a packaging process wherein the mixture is packed between a pair of carrier sheets of synthetic resin material.