Abstract: A design method for a thermal control film advantageously used in cosmic space, especially for a multilayer film, includes: setting at least two candidate materials for forming the multilayer film and the number of layers of the multilayer film; and designing a combination of the candidate material and a layer thickness by using a genetic algorithm stored in a computer-readable medium using an evaluation function, and recording the obtained results on a computer-readable medium. The evaluation function includes: ?s=1?Rs, wherein Rs represents a reflectance of solar energy in a wavelength range used for design, within a solar radiation wavelength range; and ?H: ?H=1?RIR, wherein RIR represents a reflectance of heat radiation energy in a wavelength range used for design, within a heat radiation wavelength range.

Abstract: A design method for a thermal control film advantageously used in cosmic space, especially for a multilayer film, includes: setting at least two candidate materials for forming the multilayer film and the number of layers of the multilayer film; and designing a combination of the candidate material and a layer thickness by using a genetic algorithm stored in a computer-readable medium using an evaluation function, and recording the obtained results on a computer-readable medium. The evaluation function includes: ?s=1?Rs, wherein Rs represents a reflectance of solar energy in a wavelength range used for design, within a solar radiation wavelength range; and ?H: ?H=1?RIR, wherein RIR represents a reflectance of heat radiation energy in a wavelength range used for design, within a heat radiation wavelength range.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide an illumination device that can make it easy to detect a disorder of a light emitting element, and a liquid crystal display apparatus including the illumination device. Each light emitting element array (S) is constituted by light emitting elements (T) which are connected in series. To the light emitting elements (T) are individually connected in parallel current bypass elements (U) that are changed from a disconnected state where no current flows to a connected state where current flows when a predetermined voltage higher than that applied to the light emitting elements in an lighting state is applied thereto. Each power source unit (P) is connected to each light emitting element array (S) in series, and supplies constant current to each light emitting element (T). Terminal units for voltage detection (11) are connected to an anode (A) of each light emitting element (T).

Abstract: A method of precisely measuring temperature of an object without having to setting the emissivity of the object over a wide temperature range from low to high temperature with a single radiation thermometer. The temperature-measuring device of the present invention includes a reference object having an emissivity of substantially 1 in a prescribed wavelength range; a bandpass filter transmitting radiant energy in the prescribed wavelength range; and a radiation thermometer for observing temperature by taking in the radiant energy transmitted through the bandpass filter.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide an illumination device that can make it easy to detect a disorder of a light emitting element, and a liquid crystal display apparatus including the illumination device. Each light emitting element array (S) is constituted by light emitting elements (T) which are connected in series. To the light emitting elements (T) are individually connected in parallel current bypass elements (U) that are changed from a disconnected state where no current flows to a connected state where current flows when a predetermined voltage higher than that applied to the light emitting elements in an lighting state is applied thereto. Each power source unit (P) is connected to each light emitting element array (S) in series, and supplies constant current to each light emitting element (T). Terminal units for voltage detection (11) are connected to an anode (A) of each light emitting element (T).

Abstract: An element dividing portion divides a to-be-analyzed object composed of a plurality of members into a plurality of finite elements. An analytical condition setting portion generates an analytical model of to-be-analyzed object by relating a physical property value of each member separately to individual finite elements. A stress field computing portion performs a simulation of applying a physical action to the analytical model and analyzes a resultant effect exerted on each finite element. A safety factor calculating portion makes a comparison between the effect exerted on each finite element and a reference value predetermined for each member to calculate a safety factor for each finite element. A display control portion effects control of display portion such that finite element whose safety factor is higher than a threshold value is represented transparently and the safety factor for each finite element is indicated with the analytical model.

Abstract: Disclosed is a thermal control apparatus which comprises a base plate associated with a target object in a heat-exchangeable manner therebetween, at least one heat-exchange paddle attached to the base plate in such a manner as to be selectively deployed and retracted, paddle drive means provided at an end of the base plate and adapted to drive a deployment movement and a retraction movement of the heat-exchange paddle so as to change an angle of the heat-exchange paddle, and a heat transport element provided to connect the base plate and the heat-exchange paddle.

Abstract: A method of precisely measuring temperature of an object without having to setting the emissivity of the object over a wide temperature range from low to high temperature with a single radiation thermometer. The temperature-measuring device of the present invention includes a reference object having an emissivity of substantially 1 in a prescribed wavelength range; a bandpass filter transmitting radiant energy in the prescribed wavelength range; and a radiation thermometer for observing temperature by taking in the radiant energy transmitted through the bandpass filter.

Abstract: The present invention provides a small sized wide wave-range spectroscope with a simple structure which requires a short time to measure light for measurement over a wide wavelength spectrum. The small sized wide wave-range spectroscope has a collimator (43) for changing light for measurement (L) transmitted through a slit (41) into collimated light (L0), a plurality of diffraction gratings (44a, 44b) with different grating constants d supported rotatably around a rotational axis in parallel with the incident slit (41) and disposed side by side in the direction of the rotational axis in the optical path of the collimated light (L0), and a diffracted-light focusing members (45a, 45b) for focusing a plurality of diffracted light rays (L1 to L4) provided by the plurality of diffraction gratings (44a, 44b) by which the collimated light (L0) is diffracted, each of the diffracted-light focusing members (45a, 45b) being provided in association with each of the plurality of diffraction gratings (44a, 44b).

Abstract: A wireless measuring device 1 is provided which includes a plurality of child units 2 and a parent unit 3 to receive data measured by these child units 2 by wireless communication. Each of the child units 2 has a controlling section 20 that can move to a standby state, a measuring section 21, a signal receiving section 22 to receive a measurement instructing signal from the parent unit 3, and a signal transmitting section 23 to transmit the measured data by wireless communication. The parent unit 3 has a signal transmitting section to transmit the measurement instructing signal to each of the child units 2 and a measured data receiving section 32 to receive measured data to be transmitted from the signal transmitting section 23.

Abstract: The emissivity measuring device 10 of the present invention includes an integrating sphere 18 having an energy entering hole 12 through which radiation energy is made to enter from an infrared ray source 11, a sample hole 14 placed being opposite to an entering direction of radiation energy supplied from the energy entering hole 12 and open edge portions of which are put into contact, in a struck manner, with an object 13 to be tested, and a detecting hole 16 to which a detector 15 to detect radiation energy is attached, wherein the detector 15 detects radiation energy emitted from the object 13 to be tested being multiple-scattered by the integrating sphere 17 via the detecting hole 16 and the detected radiation energy is compared with a measured value of emissivity of a known sample in a calculation controlling means 18 to calculate emissivity of the object 13 to be tested. The temperature sensor is attached to aperture edge portions of the sample hole 14.

Abstract: A wireless measuring device 1 is provided which includes a plurality of child units 2 and a parent unit 3 to receive data measured by these child units 2 by wireless communication. Each of the child units 2 has a controlling section 20 that can move to a standby state, a measuring section 21, a signal receiving section 22 to receive a measurement instructing signal from the parent unit 3, and a signal transmitting section 23 to transmit the measured data by wireless communication. The parent unit 3 has a signal transmitting section to transmit the measurement instructing signal to each of the child units 2 and a measured data receiving section 32 to receive measured data to be transmitted from the signal transmitting section 23.

Abstract: The present invention provides a small sized wide wave-range spectroscope with a simple structure which requires a short time to measure light for measurement over a wide wavelength spectrum. The small sized wide wave-range spectroscope has a collimator (43) for changing light for measurement (L) transmitted through a slit (41) into collimated light (L0), a plurality of diffraction gratings (44a, 44b) with different grating constants d supported rotatably around a rotational axis in parallel with the incident slit (41) and disposed side by side in the direction of the rotational axis in the optical path of the collimated light (L0), and a diffracted-light focusing members (45a, 45b) for focusing a plurality of diffracted light rays (L1 to L4) provided by the plurality of diffraction gratings (44a, 44b) by which the collimated light (L0) is diffracted, each of the diffracted-light focusing members (45a, 45b) being provided in association with each of the plurality of diffraction gratings (44a, 44b).

Abstract: A method for injecting a liquid crystal material into a liquid crystal panel which is provided with a liquid crystal injection port and an evacuation port is provided. The method includes the steps of: evacuating the liquid crystal panel; and after the evacuation step, injecting the liquid crystal material into the liquid crystal panel through the liquid crystal injection port with the liquid crystal material being pressurized while evacuating the liquid crystal panel.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic light-sensitive material containing a dye is disclosed. The dye is represented by a formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group; R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, a carbamoyl group, an acylamino group, an ureide group, an amino group, an acyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a cyano group, a sulfamoyl group or a sulfonamide group; B represents a 5- or 6-membered oxygen-containing heterocyclic group or a 6-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group; L.sub.1 through L.sub.3 independently represent a methine group; n represents 0 or 1. The compound of formula 1 has at least one carboxyl group, sulfonamide group or sulfamoyl group.

Abstract: A four-wheel steering system for an automotive vehicle in which a cable linkage is adapted to operatively interconnect front and rear wheel steering mechanisms. The cable linkage is provided with a displacement transmitting mechanism which includes an input element operatively connected to a front lateral bar in the front wheel steering mechanism through the cable linkage, an output element operatively connected to the rear wheel steering mechanism, and a spring element disposed between the input and output elements to transmit displacement of the input element to the output element without any deflection in a condition where the output element is freely movable and to absorb displacement of the input element in a condition where the output element is restrained by an excessive load applied thereto from the rear wheel steering mechanism.

Abstract: A microwave oven comprises a microwave generator, a heating chamber, a waveguide for leading microwaves from the microwave generator to the heating chamber, a blower for generating air current in the waveguide, a microwave stirring member rotated by air current from the blower member for stirring microwave from the microwaves generator. The microwave stirring member comprises a rotating member being substantially vertical to the microwave propagation direction and having the rotation axis in the center, and microwave reflecting members with fins. The rotating member has a microwave receiving member substantially vertical to the microwave propagation direction, in the rotation center thereof, to receive microwave intensively, and a microwave feeding or radiating member extending from the rotation center and electrically communicating with the microwave receiving member, to feed or radiate microwaves in the heating chamber.

Abstract: A catalyst suitable for use in the preparation of 1,2-dichloroethane by oxychlorination of ethylene containing cupric chloride and, as a promotor, a combination of potassium chloride and cesium chloride, which can inhibit production of ethyl chloride by-product and has excellent selectivity to 1,2-dichloroethane and catalyst life.

Abstract: A cylindrical molded catalyst suitable for use in fixed bed reaction having a particular size of 3 to 6 mm. in outer diameter of the circle, at least 1.0 mm. in inner diameter of the circle, at most 1.5 mm. in wall thickness and 3 to 6 mm. in height. The molded catalyst has small resistance to fluid, large effective surface area, good heat conductivity and sufficient mechanical strength, and can produce excellent conversion and selectivity.

Abstract: Amide-containing polymer is reacted with polyalkyleneimine in an aqueous medium to form a water-soluble cationic resin which is a treating agent useful for fibrous materials. The adduct of halohydrin to the water-soluble cationic resin is a water-soluble cationic thermosetting resin and is also useful for treating fibrous materials. The treating agent has excellent retention ability to fiber, drainage property and storage stability and remarkably improves the retention of fillers and wet and dry strength of paper.