Abstract: Provided is a process cartridge having a charging member and an electrophotographic photosensitive member to be charged by being in contact with the charging member, wherein the electrophotographic photosensitive member has a support and a photosensitive layer in this order, and a surface layer of the electrophotographic photosensitive member has a Martens hardness of 230 N/mm2 or less.

Abstract: An injection molding machine for injecting a molten resin into a cavity of a molding die clamped in a die clamping unit via a nozzle formed in a heating cylinder to form a resin article includes a drive source. The drive source is configured to move the nozzle between a first position with the nozzle coupled to the molding die and a second position with the nozzle decoupled from the molding die. The drive source is also configured to pull out the molding die from the die clamping unit and to push the molding die into the die clamping unit.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support, a charge generating layer containing a charge generation material, and a charge transporting layer containing a charge transport material in this order, the charge transporting layer serving as a surface layer. The charge transporting layer contains a polycarbonate resin having a particular structural unit.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support, a charge generating layer containing a charge generation material, and a charge transporting layer containing a charge transport material in this order, the charge transporting layer serving as a surface layer. The charge transporting layer contains a polycarbonate resin having a particular structural unit.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member with suppressed potential variation even in the case that a protective layer including a cured material of a composition having a polymerizable functional group is used is provided. An electrophotographic photosensitive member including a support, a charge generation layer, a charge transport layer containing a charge transporting material, and a protective layer, in the order presented, wherein the charge transport layer contains a polycarbonate resin having a structure selected from a group A and a structure selected from a group B, and the protective layer includes a cured material of a composition containing a compound having at least a functional group selected from chain-polymerizable functional groups and sequential polymerizable functional groups.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member includes a support, a charge generating layer containing a charge generation material, and a charge transporting layer containing a charge transport material in this order, the charge transporting layer serving as a surface layer. The charge transporting layer contains a polycarbonate resin having a particular structural unit.

Abstract: An image-forming method is provided which can provide stable image density irrespective of use environments and does not cause image defects such as fogging, tailing, or transfer voids, even when being applied to a developing sleeve with a reduced diameter. In the image-forming method, a latent image bearing member and a toner bearing member bearing a magnetic toner on its surface and having inside a unit for generating a magnetic field are placed with a predetermined interval, and an alternating field is applied between the latent image bearing member and the toner bearing member, and an electrostatic latent image borne by the latent image bearing member is developed with the magnetic toner. The toner bearing member has a specific diameter, and the magnetic toner has a specific circularity and a specific compressibility. The total energy of the toner measured with a powder flowability measuring apparatus satisfies a specific value.

Abstract: A press machine die unit replacing device for replacing die units in a press machine may include a die unit storage device controllably rotatably disposed on a position adjacent to a press machine and having various types of replacement die units that are placed thereon, and a transferring mechanism that is capable of transferring the die units between the die unit storage device and the press machine. The die units selected by controllable rotation of the die unit storage device are capable of being carried in or discharged from the press machine via the transferring mechanism.

Abstract: In a press forming machine, a material inserted between at least one pair of oppositely positioned dies can be pressed by the at least one pair of dies, so that a work can be formed from the material. When the at least one pair of dies is replaced, the at least one pair of dies can be replaced while the material or the work is held between the at least one pair of dies.

Abstract: To provide a toner excellent in low-temperature fixability, releasing performance, and development stability in long-term use under a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, provided is a magnetic toner including: magnetic toner particles each containing at least a binder resin and a magnetic particles; and an inorganic fine powder, in which: the magnetic particles is a treated magnetic particles treated with a silane compound; the treated magnetic particles has a water adsorption per unit area based on a BET specific surface area of 0.300 mg/m2 or less; portion of styrene extractables constitutes 25 mass % or less among the silane compound in the treated magnetic particles; and the silane compound with which the treated magnetic particles is treated contains a compound having a hydrocarbon group having 2 or more and 4 or less carbon atoms as a main component.

Abstract: In a magnetic toner which has magnetic toner base particles containing at least a binder resin and a magnetic material, and an inorganic fine powder, (i) the magnetic toner has an average circularity of from 0.950 or more to 1.000 or less, (ii) the magnetic toner has a compressibility of 30 or less, and (iii) the magnetic toner contains boron nitride particles having a median diameter (D50) of from 0.5 ?m or more to 8.0 ?m or less, as the inorganic fine powder in an amount of from 0.05 part by mass or more to 1.00 part by mass or less based on 100 parts by mass of the magnetic toner base particles. This provides a magnetic toner with which stable image density can be achieved without regard to service environment and which do not cause any image defects such as fog.

Abstract: In a toner containing at least a binder resin, a colorant, an ester compound and a low-melting material, the ester compound is an ester of dipentaerythritol with a carboxylic acid having 18 or more to 25 or less carbon atoms, and, where the melting point of the ester compound is represented by Tm(A) (° C.) and the melting point of the low-melting material is represented by Tm(B) (° C.), the toner satisfies the relationship of: Tm(B)?Tm(A)+5.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a toner excellent in durability and storage stability, and having good fixing performance in a wide fixing temperature region even at a high process speed. According to the present invention, there is provided a toner containing: a binder resin; a colorant; and a polyester resin, in which: I) the polyester resin contains at least, as a main component, polyester obtained by subjecting a monomer composition containing an alcohol selected from aliphatic diols each having 2 to 22 carbon atoms and a carboxylic acid selected from aliphatic dicarboxylic acids each having 2 to 22 carbon atoms to a polycondensation reaction; and II) a region having a lamellar structure is present at a surface layer of the toner.

Abstract: To provide a toner excellent in low-temperature fixability, releasing performance, and development stability in long-term use under a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, provided is a magnetic toner including: magnetic toner particles each containing at least a binder resin and a magnetic particles; and an inorganic fine powder, in which: the magnetic particles is a treated magnetic particles treated with a silane compound; the treated magnetic particles has a water adsorption per unit area based on a BET specific surface area of 0.300 mg/m2 or less; portion of styrene extractables constitutes 25 mass % or less among the silane compound in the treated magnetic particles; and the silane compound with which the treated magnetic particles is treated contains a compound having a hydrocarbon group having 2 or more and 4 or less carbon atoms as a main component.

Abstract: To provide a magnetic toner which has superior low-temperature fixing performance and pressure roller anti-staining properties even in various forms of use, has been kept from image defects such as image non-uniformity even during long-time image reproduction and can achieve high-level image quality. In a magnetic toner having toner particles containing at least a binder resin and a magnetic material, the activation energy Ea (kJ/mol) that is determined from a shift factor aT120 in a master curve of the toner, prepared when 120° C. is set as reference temperature, and the activation energy Eb (kJ/mol) that is determined from a shift factor aT150 in a master curve of the toner, prepared when 150° C. is set as reference temperature, satisfy Expression (1), and the Ea is 110 kJ/mol or less: 1.00?Ea/Eb<1.20??(1).

Abstract: In a toner containing at least a binder resin, a colorant, an ester compound and a low-melting material, the ester compound is an ester of dipentaerythritol with a carboxylic acid having 18 or more to 25 or less carbon atoms, and, where the melting point of the ester compound is represented by Tm(A) (° C.) and the melting point of the low-melting material is represented by Tm(B) (° C.), the toner satisfies the relationship of: Tm(B)?Tm(A)+5.

Abstract: A magnetic toner having magnetic toner particles containing at least a binder resin and a magnetic material, wherein, in the test of dissolution level of the magnetic material, the dissolution percentages S3 (% by mass), S15 (% by mass) and S30 (% by mass), and the dissolution level proportion Sc satisfy the following expressions: 0.5?S3?10, 40?S15?80, 1.2?Sc[=(S15?S3)/(S30?S15)]?10; and the magnetic toner has a dielectric loss factor (tan ?) at 25° C. and at a frequency 1.0×104 Hz, within the range of from 2.0×10?3 or more to 1.5×10?2 or less.

Abstract: In a magnetic toner which has magnetic toner base particles containing at least a binder resin and a magnetic material, and an inorganic fine powder, (i) the magnetic toner has an average circularity of from 0.950 or more to 1.000 or less, (ii) the magnetic toner has a compressibility of 30 or less, and (iii) the magnetic toner contains boron nitride particles having a median diameter (D50) of from 0.5 ?m or more to 8.0 ?m or less, as the inorganic fine powder in an amount of from 0.05 part by mass or more to 1.00 part by mass or less based on 100 parts by mass of the magnetic toner base particles. This provides a magnetic toner with which stable image density can be achieved without regard to service environment and which do not cause any image defects such as fog.

Abstract: To provide a magnetic toner which has superior low-temperature fixing performance and pressure roller anti-staining properties even in various forms of use, has been kept from image defects such as image non-uniformity even during long-time image reproduction and can achieve high-level image quality. In a magnetic toner having toner particles containing at least a binder resin and a magnetic material, the activation energy Ea (kJ/mol) that is determined from a shift factor aT120 in a master curve of the toner, prepared when 120° C. is set as reference temperature, and the activation energy Eb (kJ/mol) that is determined from a shift factor aT150 in a master curve of the toner, prepared when 150° C. is set as reference temperature, satisfy Expression (1), and the Ea is 110 kJ/mol or less: 1.00?Ea/Eb<1.20??(1).

Abstract: An image-forming method is provided which can provide stable image density irrespective of use environments and does not cause image defects such as fogging, tailing, or transfer voids, even when being applied to a developing sleeve with a reduced diameter. In the image-forming method, a latent image bearing member and a toner bearing member bearing a magnetic toner on its surface and having inside a unit for generating a magnetic field are placed with a predetermined interval, and an alternating field is applied between the latent image bearing member and the toner bearing member, and an electrostatic latent image borne by the latent image bearing member is developed with the magnetic toner. The toner bearing member has a specific diameter, and the magnetic toner has a specific circularity and a specific compressibility. The total energy of the toner measured with a powder flowability measuring apparatus satisfies a specific value.