Abstract: A metal oxide semiconductor is subjected to a temperature change, and signals measured at two timings in the course of the temperature change are used to define a two-dimensional topological space. In the topological space, two axis, an axis indicating the concentration of the gas to be detected and an axis corresponding to drift are defined, and the topological space is represented by an oblique coordinate system. The gas concentration is determined from projection of measured data onto the gas concentration axis.

Abstract: A metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor S is connected to a ladder resistance R, and the output voltage is subjected to logarithmic transformation at plural points on a waveform of temperature change byLnR=2-4 V R1/Vc+LnR1 (1)where R indicating the resistance of the metal oxide semiconductor, V R1 the output voltage to the ladder resistance, Vc the detecting voltage, R1 the resistance of the ladder resistance, and Ln natural logarithm, respectively. Standard signals comprising logarithms of resistance values of the metal oxide semiconductor in plural concentrations and at plural points on the waveform are stored in the EEPROM, and these standard signals and logarithms obtained are compared with each other to detect the gas.

Abstract: Wastepaper is treated by a ink-removing process in which an aqueous wastepaper pulp slurry is introduced into a treating vessel, air is blown into the wastepaper pulp slurry preferably through a number of air-blowing orifices formed on a peripheral surface of at least one horizontal cylinder located in the bottom portion of the vessel to absorb ink particles floating in the wastepaper pulp slurry by air bubbles ejected from the orifices and rising toward the wastepaper pulp slurry surface. The resultant ink-absorbed froth is then removed. In this process, air is blown in an amount satisfying the relationship (I)G/L.gtoreq.5.0 (I)wherein L is the volume (m.sup.3) of the wastepaper pulp slurry in the treating vessel and G is the total volume (Nm.sup.3) of the air bubbles blown into the vessel, to promote the contact of the air bubbles with the ink particles in the wastepaper pulp slurry.