Abstract: With the object of improving magnetic properties by remaining amorphous phase of a quenched R—Fe—B permanent magnet, in a quenched permanent magnetic material comprising Fe as a major component, at least one lanthanoid element, R, and boron, the permanent magnetic material comprises 10 percent by area or less of a soft magnetic remaining amorphous phase, and the balance being a crystalline phase substantially formed by heat treatment and containing R—Fe—B hard magnetic compound. A bulk magnet is made of the permanent magnetic material by plastic forming.

Abstract: A novel photo-curable resin composition. The resin composition capable of providing a cured product having excellent mechanical strength, high dimensional accuracy, and excellent toughness. The resin composition is capable of providing a cured product which experiences little change in mechanical strength over time. The resin composition is capable of forming, by photo-fabricating, a three-dimensional object which can be used for a long period of time in a humid atmosphere. The composition comprises, (A) an epoxy compound having a cyclohexene oxide, (B) a cationic photo-initiator, (C) an ethylenically unsaturated monomer, (D) a radical photo-initiator, and (E) a polyol.

Abstract: A photo-curable resin composition capable of providing a three-dimensional object having excellent mechanical strength and high dimensional accuracy when used in a photo-fabrication process. The resin composition is also capable of providing a three-dimensional object with excellent stability in shape and properties in a photo-fabrication process. The photo-curable composition includes:(A) a compound represented by the formula (1) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group;(B) a compound having a cyclohexene oxide structure;(C) a cationic photo-initiator;(D) an ethylenically unsaturated monomer;(E) a radical photo-initiator; and(F) a polyol having three or more hydroxyl groups.

Abstract: A photocurable resin composition suitable for photo-fabrication. The resin composition capable of being promptly cured by photo-irradiation, thereby reducing fabricating time and providing cured products having excellent mechanical strength and minimized shrinkage during curing to ensure high dimensional accuracy. The composition includes (A) an oxetane compound, (B) an epoxy compound, and (C) a cationic photo-initiator.

Abstract: A hard magnetic material of the present invention contains Fe as a main component and further contains elements R and L, and B. Not less than 60% of the structure of the hard magnetic material is composed of a fine crystalline phase having an average grain size of not more than 100 nm and the rest is composed of an amorphous phase. The fine crystalline phase essentially consists of bcc-Fe and contains at least R.sub.2 Fe.sub.14 B.sub.1.

Abstract: A rare earth bonded magnet obtained by mixing two types of magnetic powders (A) and (B) in the present invention has a high residual magnetic flux density (Br), a large intrinsic coercive force (iHc) and a large maximum energy product ((BH)max) in spite of a low rare earth element content, and shows an excellent rust preventability. A rare earth-iron-boron type magnet alloy of the present invention has a residual magnetic flux density (Br) as high as not less than 10 kG, an intrinsic coercive force (iHc) as large as not less than 3.5 kOe and a large maximum energy product ((BH)max) and which has an excellent rust preventability.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide an amorphous hard magnetic alloy which can be produced by a casting method having a low cooling rate and has a large thickness not achieved by conventional liquid quenching methods, an amorphous hard magnetic casting alloy and a method for producing the amorphous hard magnetic cast alloy.An amorphous hard magnetic alloy in accordance with the present invention has the following general formula:A.sub.x --(Fe.sub.1-a Co.sub.a).sub.y --D.sub.zwherein A represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Nd, Sm, Pr and Pm; D represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Al, Ga, and Ge; suffixes x, y, and z satisfy 50.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.75, 10.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.45, and 5.ltoreq.z.ltoreq.15 atomic percent, and suffix a satisfies 0.ltoreq.a.ltoreq.0.5.

Abstract: The antiferroelectric liquid crystal composition comprising at least one chiralsmectic liquid crystal compound having a positive specific rotatory power ?.alpha.!.sub.D.sup.25 and at least one chiralsmectic liquid crystal compound having a negative specific rotatory power, and the value of the specific rotatory power of the composition is between -25.degree. and +25.degree. C. This invention provides a method for blending liquid crystal compounds to form an antiferroelectric liquid crystal composition which has a decreased dark luminance of a liquid crystal display element.

Abstract: An antiferroelectric liquid crystal composition comprising a liquid crystal composition having the chiralsmectic C.sub.A phase and a compound represented by the formula (I) shown below: ##STR1## wherein X is --CH.sub.3, --CF.sub.3 or --C.sub.2 H.sub.5 ; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are straight-chain or branched alkyl radicals having 3 to 14 and 3 to 10 carbon atoms respectively; Y represents a single bond, or --O--, --CO--, --COO-- or --OCO-- radical; Z represents --COO--, --C.tbd.C-- or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -- radical; and A.sup.1, A.sup.2 and A.sup.3 independently represent a six membered ring including benzene rings, cyclohexane rings, pyridine rings, and pyrimidine rings, at least one hydrogen of which six membered rings may be replaced by a fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, cyano group, nitro group, methyl group, ethyl group or methoxy group.

Abstract: A vehicle which goes up and down stairs includes a vehicle body (101), front and rear wheels (102) and (103) provided at the front and rear of the vehicle body (101), respectively, front and rear auxiliary wheels (105) and (107) for lifting up or down the front and rear wheels (102) and (103) by one step of stairs, respectively, a driving unit for driving each wheel, a pivoting unit for pivoting the front and rear auxiliary wheels (105) and (107), sensors (121) to (124) for detecting a riser portion of stairs, and a control unit (120) for controlling the driving unit and the rotating unit in accordance with results of the sensors (121) to (124). Since the vehicle goes up and down stairs by rotation of the auxiliary wheels (105) and (107), a corner portion of the step of stairs is not damaged while the vehicle goes up and down stairs.

Abstract: A vehicle which goes up and down stairs includes a vehicle body 101, front and rear wheels 102 and 103 provided at the front and rear of the vehicle body 101, respectively, front and rear auxiliary wheels 105 and 107 for lifting up or down the front and rear wheels 102 and 103 by one step of stairs, respectively, a driving unit for driving each wheel, a pivoting unit for pivoting the front and rear auxiliary wheels 105 and 107, sensors 121 to 124 for detecting a riser portion of stairs, and a control unit 120 for controlling the driving unit and the rotating unit in accordance with results of the sensors 121 to 124. Since the vehicle goes up and down stairs by rotation of the auxiliary wheels 105 and 107, a corner portion of the step of stairs is not damaged while the vehicle goes up and down stairs.

Abstract: A herbicidal 2-oxo-3-pyrroline derivative having the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, Z is an oxygen atom or a group of the formula .dbd.N--OR.sup.1 (wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a benzyl group or a phenyl group which is substituted by halogen atoms); and R is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a benzyl group, a chloro-substituted benzyl group, a benzylidene methyl group, a group of the formula ##STR2## wherein Y is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, a haloalkyl group or an alkoxy group, and n is an integer of from 1 to 3, or a group of the formula ER.sup.2 wherein E is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom or a group of the formula >N--R.sup.3, wherein R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or an alkenyl group, and R.sup.

Abstract: A dry etching method by a plasma etching forms a mask pattern, having an opening up to 1 .mu.m width on a silicon oxide layer formed on a silicon substrate. The substrate is laced into a reactive chamber having an etching gas introducing means and fluorocarbon gas and hydrogen gas as the etching gas are introduced such that a ratio of the hydrogen gas to the gas mixture satisfies 50% to 80%. The plasma is generated, and by using the plasma etching, the silicon oxide layer is etched according to the mask pattern to form an opening having an aspect ratio of more than 1 in the silicon oxide layer.

Abstract: An ignition mechanism for a heater which includes a metal exothermic container in which are mounted an exothermic part, a firing part and an igniter. The igniter is a type which may be actuated by pushing or pulling a string. The mechanism comprises a tube mounted on the container, the tube having one end positioned adjacent the igniter. A string is connected to the igniter and extends into the tube, the string being extendable to the other end, whereby the string may be manually pulled or pushed and thereby operate the igniter. A float may be attached to the string, and a water-soluble glue may be provided to initially hold the string in place before use.

Abstract: A herbicidal alkanoic acid derivative of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a halogen-substituted alkyl group, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkylthioalkyl group, a hydroxyalkyl group, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, an acyloxyalkyl group, a thienyl group, a naphthyl group, a dihydronaphthyl group ##STR2## wherein R.sup.8 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group or --S(O).sub.n R.sup.9 wherein R.sup.9 is an alkyl group, and n is an integer of from 0 to 2, m is an integer of from 0 to 2, each of R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 which may be the same or different is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, or R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 form together with the adjacent carbon atom a 3-, 4-, 5- or 6-membered ring which may contain an oxygen atom and may be substituted by one or two alkyl groups, each of R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 which may be the same or different is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, R.sup.7 is an alkyl group or a phenyl group, or R.sup.

Abstract: A cyclic amide compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a haloalkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, a haloalkoxy group, a lower alkylthio group or a nitro group; Y is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkykl roup, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkylnyl group, a haloalkyl group, a phenyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, a cycloalkylalkoxy group, an alkenyloxy group, an alkynloxy group, a benzyloxy group, a phenoxy group, a haloalkoxy group, a lower alkoxy-lower alkoxy group, a cyanoalkoxy group, an alkylthio group, an alkenylthio group, an alkynylthio group, a benzylthio group, a phenylthio group, ##STR2## (wherein W is an oxygen atom or a sulfuratom, R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group and R.sup.4 is an alkyl group), ##STR3## (wherein each of R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group), an alkylsulfonyl group, ##STR4## (wherein R.sup.5 and R.sup.

Abstract: A system is provided to enable communication between a plurality of terminal devices and a central device connected thereto. The central device includes a communicating element which takes initiative and performs communication with a plurality of terminal devices in a predetermined order by scanning the same and also detects any abnormality of a terminal device in communication therewith. An abnormal terminal table is provided in the system for registering any abnormality of any of the terminal devices. The system contains an element for checking whether an abnormality is registered for a particular one of the terminal devices by reference to the abnormal terminal table. Communication is established with that particular terminal device, the checking element then generating a corresponding output. A control element is provided responsive to the output of the checking element to cause communication processing with that particular terminal device when no abnormality is registered.

Abstract: A self-heating container comprising a container with a heater fixed therein. The heater includes a pyrogen, a firing agent in contact with and easier to fire than the pyrogen, and an igniter including a rotatably supported striker wheel and a flint mounted for compressive engagement with the wheel. The wheel is rotatably engageable from outside the container.

Abstract: A-self heating container comprising a container with a heater fixed therein. The heater includes a pryogen, a firing agent in contact with and easier to fire than the pyrogen, and an igniter including a rotatably supported striker wheel and a flint mounted for compressive engagement with the wheel. The wheel is rotatably engageable from outside the container.

Abstract: A cyclic amide compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a haloalkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, a haloalkoxy group, a lower alkylthio group or a nitro group; Y is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, a haloalkyl group, a phenyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkoxy group, a cycloalkylalkoxy group, an alkenyloxy group, an alkynyloxy group, a benzyloxy group, a phenoxy group, a haloalkoxy group, a lower alkoxy-lower alkoxy group, a cyanoalkoxy group, an alkylthio group, an alkenylthio group, an alkynylthio group, a benzylthio group, a phenylthio group, ##STR2## (wherein W is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group and R.sup.4 is an alkyl group), ##STR3## (wherein each of R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, an alkylsulfonyl group, ##STR4## (wherein R.sup.5 and R.sup.