Abstract: An oxide ion conductor has a X3Z2(TO4)3 structure, where X is a divalent metal element, Z is a trivalent metal element, and T is a tetravalent metal element, and has a composition expressed by (X1-xAx)3(Z1-yBy)2(T1-zCz)3O12+? where the element X is Ca, Fe, Gd, Ba, Sr, Mn, and/or Mg, the element Z is Al, Cr, Fe, Mn, V, Ga, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, and/or Ir, the element T is Si and/or Ge, an element A is La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, and/or Sr, an element B is Zn, Mn, Co, Ru, and/or Rh, and an element C is Si, Al, Ga, and/or Sn, 0?x?0.2, 0?y?0.2, and 0?z?0.2 are satisfied, and ? is a value securing electrical neutrality.

Abstract: An oxide ion conductor has a X3Z2(TO4)3 structure, where X is a divalent metal element, Z is a trivalent metal element, and T is a tetravalent metal element, and has a composition expressed by (X1-xAx)3(Z1-yBy)2(T1-zCz)3O12+? where the element X is Ca, Fe, Gd, Ba, Sr, Mn, and/or Mg, the element Z is Al, Cr, Fe, Mn, V, Ga, Co, Ni, Ru, Rh, and/or Ir, the element T is Si and/or Ge, an element A is La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, and/or Sr, an element B is Zn, Mn, Co, Ru, and/or Rh, and an element C is Si, Al, Ga, and/or Sn, 0?x?0.2, 0?y?0.2, and 0?z?0.2 are satisfied, and ? is a value securing electrical neutrality.

Abstract: A thermoelectric element includes a thermoelectric member made of thermoelectric materials and having a through hole, a pipe inserted into the through hole for making fluid flow, and a soaking member provided to the side of the thermoelectric element. The pipe and the soaking member respectively also function as an electrode of the thermoelectric member. A surface of the soaking member includes a blackened surface and a mirror surface. A thermoelectric generation system includes a container having a lighting window, the thermoelectric element housed in the container, a fluid feeder for feeding fluid into the pipe, and a power consumption source that consumes electric power generated by the thermoelectric element. The thermoelectric element is housed in the container so that the blackened surface is located under the lighting window.

Abstract: A thermoelectric element includes a thermoelectric member made of thermoelectric materials and having a through hole, a pipe inserted into the through hole for making fluid flow, and a soaking member provided to the side of the thermoelectric element. The pipe and the soaking member respectively also function as an electrode of the thermoelectric member. A surface of the soaking member includes a blackened surface and a mirror surface. A thermoelectric generation system includes a container having a lighting window, the thermoelectric element housed in the container, a fluid feeder for feeding fluid into the pipe, and a power consumption source that consumes electric power generated by the thermoelectric element. The thermoelectric element is housed in the container so that the blackened surface is located under the lighting window.

Abstract: A high heat-resistant member includes a graphite substrate including isotropic graphite and a carbide coating film including a carbide, such as tantalum carbide, and covering a surface of the graphite substrate, the carbide coating film having a randomly oriented isotropic grain structure in which crystallites having a size indexed by a full width at half maximum of a diffraction peak of an X-ray diffraction pattern of not more than 0.2° from (111) planes are accumulated at substantially random. The orientation of the carbide coating film is determined by whether degree of orientation (F) in any Miller plane calculated based on an XRD pattern using the Lotgering method is within a range from ?0.2 to 0.2.

Abstract: A high heat-resistant member includes a graphite substrate including isotropic graphite and a carbide coating film including a carbide, such as tantalum carbide, and covering a surface of the graphite substrate, the carbide coating film having a randomly oriented isotropic grain structure in which crystallites having a size indexed by a full width at half maximum of a diffraction peak of an X-ray diffraction spectrum of not more than 0.2° from (111) planes are accumulated at substantially random. The orientation of the carbide coating film is determined by whether degree of orientation (F) in any Miller plane calculated based on an XRD spectrum using the Lotgering method is within a range from ?0.2 to 0.2.

Abstract: A modified pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent glucose dehydrogenase having a low reactivity with respect to maltose, galactose, etc. is provided. A modified pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent glucose dehydrogenase including an amino acid sequence in which one or more amino acids in a region corresponding to a first region consisting of amino acids at positions 326 to 354 in pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent glucose dehydrogenase derived from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus are substituted as compared with an amino acid sequence of the corresponding wild-type enzyme.

Abstract: A modified pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent glucose dehydrogenase having a low reactivity with respect to maltose, galactose, etc. is provided. A modified pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent glucose dehydrogenase including an amino acid sequence in which one or more amino acids in a region corresponding to a first region consisting of amino acids at positions 326 to 354 in pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent glucose dehydrogenase derived from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus are substituted as compared with an amino acid sequence of the corresponding wild- type enzyme.