Abstract: It has been determined that the symmetric stretching frequency of water at concentrations of 10 ppm and more in liquid hydrocarbons is effectively independent of the nature of the hydrocarbon. On this basis one can rapidly, accurately, and precisely measure such water concentrations by comparing the transmittance of a narrow band of infrared frequencies within the symmetric stretching band of a wet sample with the transmittance at a frequency in the 3770-4000 cm.sup.-1 range, performing a second comparison with a dried sample, and forming the ratio of the two comparative measurements as a measure of dissolved water content.

Abstract: Metal-clad laminates in which the metal coating of the laminate is only from about 1 micron to about 20 microns in thickness are prepared by depositing a copper coating on a substrate which has been treated with a release agent, treating the upper side of the metal layer to improve the adhesive properties of the metal, thereafter bonding the metal coating to a laminate and removing the substrate to thus prepare the desired metal-clad laminate.