Abstract: Electrical cells and batteries comprising cathodes formed as slurries of MnO.sub.2 and carbon in an organic solution of electrolyte in contact with a copper substrate, and sheet lithium anodes adhered to either a conductive plastic or a roughened copper substrate.

Abstract: Particulate calcium carbonate or iron oxide pretreated with a fatty acid such as stearic acid or oleic acid is added to a cementitious product to improve its strength and resistance to water absorption and penetration. Dry, aqueous and nonaqueous methods of addition are employed.

Abstract: Laminar electrode subassemblies comprising a lithium layer having one surface consisting essentially of metallic lithium adhered to a conductive plastic substrate, and a method of making such subassemblies in which a web of lithium foil having at least one freshly exposed surface is laminated directly to a conductive plastic substrate without an intermediate layer of conductive plastic adhesive.

Abstract: Electrical cells and batteries having lithium anodes and cathodes comprising an organic slurry of MnO.sub.2 and carbon particles in an organic solvent in contact with a conductive plastic current collector, and a method of making the cathodes comprising the steps of heating MnO.sub.2 to remove absorbed and adsorbed water and water of crystallization, cooling the dehydrated MnO.sub.2, dispersing the cooled and dehydrated MnO.sub.2 in an anhydrous solvent to form a slurry, depositing the slurry in discrete cathode patches on cell component substrates, and sealing the slurry patches into cells having substantially gas impervious cell enveloping boundaries.

Abstract: Laminar electrode subassemblies comprising a lithium layer having one surface consisting essentially of metallic lithium adhered to a conductive plastic substrate, and a method of making such subassemblies in which a web of lithium foil having at least one freshly exposed surface is laminated directly to a conductive plastic substrate without an intermediate layer of conductive plastic adhesive.

Abstract: Laminar batteries of series connected cells comprising lithium anodes and an electrolyte containing a passivating solvent reactive with lithium in which the cells are electrically connected in series by intercell barriers comprising outer layers of electrochemically inert electronically conducting material in contact with the electrochemically active anode and cathode of adjacent cells and a layer of metal foil between the electrochemically inert layers.

Abstract: Electrical cells and batteries having lithium anodes and cathodes comprising an organic slurry of MnO.sub.2 and carbon particles in an organic solvent in contact with a conductive plastic current collector, and a method of making the cathodes comprising the steps of heating MnO.sub.2 to remove absorbed and adsorbed water and water of crystallization, cooling the dehydrated MnO.sub.2, dispersing the cooled and dehydrated MnO.sub.2 in an anhydrous solvent to form a slurry, depositing the slurry in discrete cathode patches on cell component substrates, and sealing the slurry patches into cells having substantially gas impervious cell enveloping boundaries.

Abstract: Laminar batteries of series connected cells comprising lithium anodes and an electrolyte containing a passivating solvent reactive with lithium in which the cells are electrically connected in series by intercell barriers comprising outer layers of electrochemically inert electronically conducting material in contact with the electrochemically active anode and cathode of adjacent cells and a layer of metal foil between the electrochemically inert layers.

Abstract: Laminar electrical cells and batteries of the Leclanche type, in which the electrolyte comprises an aqueous solution containing from about 18 to about 22 percent of NH.sub.4 Cl and from about 25 to about 40 percent of ZnCl.sub.2 by weight, based on the weight of solution. The electrolyte may contain a gelling agent, and may initially contain a minor amount of mercuric chloride.

Abstract: Silver-precipitating nuclei are prepared by partially oxidizing a stannous salt reducing agent with potassium, sodium or ammonium dichromate and then reducing a noble metal salt or complex with said reducing agent.