Abstract: The present invention relates, inter alia, to a process for preparing a compound of formula (I): using, as a catalyst 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.

Abstract: The present invention relates, inter alia, to a process for preparing a compound of formula (I): using a quinuclidine-based catalyst or an optionally 3-substituted N-methyl pryrrolidine-based catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates, inter alia, to a process for preparing a compound of formula (I): which comprises either (a) reacting a compound of formula (II): with 2-cyanophenyl, or a salt thereof, in the presence of between 0.1 and 2 mol % of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, or (b) reacting a compound of the formula (III): with a compound of the formula (IV): in the presence of between 0.1 and 2 mol % of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane; where W is the methyl (E)-2-(3-methoxy)acrylate group C(CO2CH3)?CHOCH3 or the methyl 2-(3,3-dimethoxy)propanoate group C(CO2CH3)CH(OCH3)2, or a mixture of the two groups. In addition, the present invention relates to a novel precursors of the compound of formula (I) and methods for making them.

Abstract: The present invention relates, inter alia, to a process for preparing a compound of formula (I): using a quinuclidine-based catalyst or an optionally 3-substituted N-methyl pryrrolidine-based catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates, inter alia, to a process for preparing a compound of formula (I): using, as a catalyst 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.

Abstract: 3-Isochromanone is prepared by partially chlorinating o-tolylacetic acid with sulphuryl chloride or chlorine gas in an inert organic solvent in the presence of a free radical initiator. The 2-chloromethylphenylacetic acid first obtained is converted to 3-isochromanone by treatment with a base and separated from unreacted o-tolylacetic acid, which is in the form of a salt, by a phase separation technique. The separated o-tolylacetic acid salt is converted to o-tolylacetic acid by controlled acidification and the o-tolylacetic acid is extracted for re-use. The invention reduces the formation of unwanted, over-chlorinated by-products and leads to a more efficient process.

Abstract: The present invention relates, inter alia, to a process for preparing a compound of formula (I): which comprises either (a) reacting a compound of formula (II): with 2-cyanophenyl, or a salt thereof, in the presence of between 0.1 and 2 mol % of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, or (b) reacting a compound of the formula (III): with a compound of the formula (IV): in the presence of between 0.1 and 2 mol % of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane; where W is the methyl (E)-2-(3-methoxy)acrylate group C(CO2CH3)?CHOCH3 or the methyl 2-(3,3-dimethoxy)propanoate group C(CO2CH3)CH(OCH3)2, or a mixture of the two groups. In addition, the present invention relates to a novel precursors of the compound of formula (I) and methods for making them.

Abstract: A process for extracting from aqueous solution the alkali metal or calcium salt of a halo or haloalkyl substituted 2-hydroxypyridine, or a 2-hydroxyquinoline or 2-hydroxybenzothiazole which comprises contacting an aqueous alkaline or neutral solution of the alkali metal or calcium salt, in which is dissolved an alkali metal fluoride, chloride, bromide, hydroxide, sulphate, sulphite, cyanate, cyanide, thiocyanate, thiosulphate, sulphide, phosphate, hydrogen phosphate, carbonate, bicarbonate, borate, chlorate, hypochlorite, perchlorate, nitrite, chromate, dichromate or permanganate or calcium chloride, bromide, nitrate, nitrite, chlorate, hypochlorite, perchlorate, thiocyanate, thiosulphate, chromate, dichtromate or permanganate, with a partially water-miscible organic solvent so as to transfer aqueous solution of the alkali metal or calcium salt of the 2-hydroxypyridine, 2-hydroxyquinoline or 2-hydroxybenzothiasole into the solvent whilst retaining separate aqueous and solvent phases, and thereafter separating

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 3-isochromanone which comprises contacting an o-xylene-?,??-dihalide with carbon monoxide, in the presence of a catalyst and a hindered amine base in a liquid medium comprising water and a tertiary alcohol.

Abstract: A process for extracting from aqueous solution the alkali metal or calcium salt of a halo or haloalkyl substituted 2-hydroxypyridine, or a 2-hydroxyquinoline or 2-hydroxybenzothiazole which comprises contacting an aqueous alkaline or neutral solution of the alkali metal or calcium salt, in which is dissolved an alkali metal fluoride, chloride, bromide, hydroxide, sulphate, sulphite, cyanate, cyanide, thiocyanate, thiosulphate, sulphide, phosphate, hydrogen phosphate, carbonate, bicarbonate, borate, chlorate, hypochlorite, perchlorate, nitrite, chromate, dichromate or permanganate or calcium chloride, bromide, nitrate, nitrite, chlorate, hypochlorite, perchlorate, thiocyanate, thiosulphate, chromate, dichtromate or permanganate, with a partially water-miscible organic solvent so as to transfer aqueous solution of the alkali metal or calcium salt of the 2-hydroxypyridine, 2-hydroxyquinoline or 2-hydroxybenzothiazole into the solvent whilst retaining separate aqueous and solvent phases, and thereafter separating

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 3-isochromanone which comprises contacting an o-xylene-&agr;,&agr;′-dihalide with carbon monoxide, in the presence of a catalyst and a hindered amine base in a liquid medium comprising water and a tertiary alcohol.

Abstract: A process for preparing agrochemical intermediates of formula (I), wherein W is (CH.sub.3 O).sub.2 CH.CHCO.sub.2 CH.sub.3 or CH.sub.3 O.CH.dbd.CCO.sub.2 CH.sub.3 ; Z.sup.1 is a halogen atom; and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1-4 alky, C alkoxy, acetoxy or acyl; the process comprising the steps of: (a) reacting a compound of formula (II), wherein X, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are as defined above, with a compound of formula ROCH.sub.3, wherein R is a metal; and, (b) reacting the product of (a) with a compound of formula (III), wherein Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are halogen atoms. A process for the preparation of compounds of formula (II) and compounds of formula (II) themselves. A process for obtaining, in substantially pure form, a compound of formula (11) and compounds of formula (II) themselves. A process for obtaining, in substantially pure form, a compound of formula (11) wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are all hydrogen.

Abstract: 4,6-Dichloropyrimidine is prepared by treating 4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine with a chlorinating agent of the formula R.sup.1 R.sup.2 R.sup.3 PCl.sub.2 wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently alkyl or aryl, or one or more of the groups R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 is linked to a polymer support. Conveniently, the chlorinating agent may be prepared in situ by reacting the corresponding phosphine oxide with phosgene. Thus, in a preferred process, 4,6-dichloropyrimidine is prepared by treating 4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine with phosgene in the presence of a phosphine oxide.

Abstract: A process for preparing (E)-methyl 2-[2-(6-(-cyanophenoxy)pyrimidin-4-yloxy)phenyl]-3-methoxypropenoate comprising contacting (E)-methyl 2-[2-(6-chloropyrimidin-4-yloxy)phenyl]-3-methoxypropenoate or methyl 2-[2-(6-chloropyrimidin-4-yloxy)phenyl]-3,3-dimethoxypropanoate with 2-cyanophenate anions, the process being conducted in the absence of copper or a copper salt and in the absence of N,N-dimethylformamide. The 2-cyanophenate anions are generated in situ by reacting 2-cyanophenol with an alkali metal carbonate.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 2-hydroxy-6-trifluoromethylpyridine which comprises reacting 2-fluoro-6-trifluomethylpyridine or a mixture of 2-fluoro-6-trifluoromethylpyridine and 2-chloro-6-trifluoromethylpyridine with an alkali metal hydroxide at a temperature of from 50.degree. C. to 160.degree. C. and acidifying the product so formed.

Abstract: A process for preparing 4,6-dichloropyrimidine is described, comprising treating 4,6-dihydroxypyrimidine with phosphorus oxychloride in the presence of a saturated hindered amine, the hydrochloride salt of a saturated hindered amine, or an unsaturated 5-membered nitrogen containing ring or a mixture thereof, and, as a first step, directly extracting the 4,6-dichloropyrimidine so formed.