Abstract: A process for heteroatom removal-enhancing hydrogenation of highly refractory aromatic ring structures that involves contacting a highly refractory structure having at least one aryl linkage connecting a first heteroaryl moiety and a moiety selected from the group consisting of an aryl moiety and a second heteroaryl moiety with supercritical water having a temperature of from about 400.degree. C. to about 600.degree. C. in the presence of from about 3.4 MPa to about 18.6 MPa of CO to produce lower molecular weight products having decreased aromatic and heteroatom content. The process has utility for producing more valuable lower molecular weight products having a reduced aromatic heteroatom content from starting materials that are highly refractory and widely considered to be difficult to upgrade such as coals and asphaltenes, and model compounds containing the biaryl linkages.

Abstract: A sensor for measuring the concentration of an analyte in a medium is disclosed. In one embodiment, the sensor comprises a sensing element including a matrix material and, covalently bonded thereto, one or more monomeric indicator components each of which is capable of providing a first emitted signal of a given wavelength in response to being exposed to an excitation signal. The sensing element is capable of providing a second emitted signal having a longer wavelength than the first emitted signal or signals in response to being exposed to the excitation signal, the second emitted signal being provided by an excimer component produced in the sensing element from the monomeric indicator component(s) and being dependent on the concentration of the analyte in the medium to a greater extent than the first emitted signal or signals.

Abstract: A sensor for measuring the concentration of an analyte in a medium is disclosed. In one embodiment, the sensor comprises a sensing element including a matrix material and, covalently bonded thereto, one or more monomeric indicator components each of which is capable of providing a first emitted signal of a given wavelength in response to being exposed to an excitation signal. The sensing element is capable of providing a second emitted signal having a longer wavelength than the first emitted signal or signals in response to being exposed to the excitation signal, the second emitted signal being provided by an excimer component produced in the sensing element from the monomeric indicator component(s) and being dependent on the concentration of the analyte in the medium to a greater extent than the first emitted signal or signals.

Abstract: The invention is a process for the aqueous conversion and upgrading of organic resource materials carried out by contacting organic resource materials selected from the group consisting of coal, shale, coal liquids, shale oil, and bitumen with liquid water in the absence of externally supplied hydrogen or reducing agents, controlling the temperature in the range from above about 200.degree. C. to below the critical temperature of water to maintain water in a liquid phase, wherein the pressure is the corresponding vapor pressure (autogenous pressure) of the system, for a time sufficient to effect the conversion and upgrading process. Additionally, the contacting may be conducted in the presence of a catalyst selected from the group consisting of a brine catalyst, clay catalyst and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A lubricant composition which comprises a major amount of a lubricating oil base stock and a minor amount of a benzotriazole of the formula: ##STR1## where R and R.sup.1 are hydrocarbyl groups having from 1 to 30 carbon atoms. The load-carrying properties of the benzotriazoles of the formula (I) are activated by subjecting the lubricant composition to load-carrying conditions.

Abstract: Photothermographic compositions comprising a photographic silver halide, an organic silver salt, and a reducing agent for the organic silver salt, display improved stability in the presence of a compound having a nucleus of the formula:A--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --X--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --Awherein:A represents any monovalent group for which the corresponding compound AH functions as a post-processing stabilizer,X is S, SO, or SO.sub.2, and n is 1 to 10.

Abstract: The addition of certain aromatic substituted benzotriazole compounds to a lubricant imparts improved oxidation stability to the lubricant. The oxidation stability is particularly enhanced when the substituents on the substituted aromatic ring are strong electron donors.

Abstract: Two classes of certain compounds known as bis(thiazolinethiones), more particularly bis[(3,4-disubstituted)-thiazole-2-thiones], have thiazolinethione heterocycle units linked by alkylene, arylene, or arene groups or by a carbon to carbon single bond. These compounds are useful in the graphic arts because of their reduced volatility, reduced migrating aptitude, and reduced hydrophilicity compared to mono thiazolinethiones.

Abstract: A novel class of polymers comprises one or more dipyridinium units, having the formula ##STR1## contained within the main polymer backbone where Ar.sup.1, Ar.sup.2, and Ar.sup.3 are aromatic or heteroaromatic nuclei each of which can consist of one ring or two fused or catenated rings having 5 to 12 ring carbon and heteroatoms which can include 1 to 3 unitary heteroatoms selected from S, N, and O, R.sup.1 is any divalent organic bridging group, and Z.sup..crclbar. is a counterion.

Abstract: A novel class of polymers comprises one or more dipyridinium units, having the formula ##STR1## contained within the main polymer backbone where Ar.sup.1, Ar.sup.2, and Ar.sup.3 are aromatic or heteroaromatic nuclei each of which can consist of one ring or two fused or catenated rings having 5 to 12 ring carbon and heteroatoms which can include 1 to 3 unitary heteroatoms selected from S, N and O, R.sup.1 is any divalent organic bridging group, and Z.sup..crclbar. is a counterion.

Abstract: A novel class of heterocyclic polymers and copolymers containing the 2-imidazolin-5-one ring structure is described. These polymers are prepared by reaction of bisazlactones and diamines, with or without suitable condensation monomers; the resultant polyamides are then thermally cyclodehydrated in the presence of a catalyst to produce the imidazolinone-containing polymers. Many of the poly(imidazolinones) are water soluble and therefore find utility in various aspects of water treatment, or in paper or fabric sizing.

Abstract: A poly(triazolinethione) is prepared by a process comprising the steps:(a) providing a poly(acylthiosemicarbazide),(b) cyclodehydrating the poly(acylthiosemicarbazide) by subjecting it to an elevated temperature in the presence of an aqueous alkaline solution to form a polyanion of a poly(triazolinethione),(c) treating the polyanion of the poly(triazolinethione) with aqueous acid solution to provide the poly(triazolinethione), and(d) isolating the resulting poly(triazolinethione).

Abstract: A novel class of heterocyclic polymers and copolymers containing the 2-imidazolin-5-one ring structure is described. These polymers are prepared by reaction of bisazlactones and diamines, with or without suitable condensation monomers; the resultant polyamides are then thermally cyclodehydrated in the presence of a catalyst to produce the imidazolinone-containing polymers. Many of the poly(imidazolinones) are water soluble and therefore find utility in various aspects of water treatment, or in paper or fabric sizing.

Abstract: Novel polymers contain the [3H]-thiazole-2-thione ring system in the polymeric backbone. In another aspect, a method for preparing the poly(thiazolinethione) compounds is disclosed. The polymers are useful in the photographic arts.

Abstract: A poly(triazolinethione) is prepared by a process comprising the steps:(a) providing a poly(acylthiosemicarbazide),(b) cyclodehydrating the poly(acylthiosemicarbazide) by subjecting it to an elevated temperature in the presence of an aqueous alkaline solution to form a polyanion of a poly(triazolinethione),(c) treating the polyanion of the poly(triazolinethione) with aqueous acid solution to provide the poly(triazolinethione), and(d) isolating the resulting poly(triazolinethione).

Abstract: A method of preparing a compound of the general formula: ##STR1## in which: R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl or substituted alkyl group, an aryl or substituted aryl group, an aralkyl or substituted aralkyl group, a cycloaliphatic or substituted cycloaliphatic group or a heterocyclic or substituted heterocyclic group providing R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 do not both represent cyclic groups of aromatic nature, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together may represent the necessary atoms to complete a non-aromatic heterocyclic ring,R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 independently represent a hydrogen atom or any substituent providing the sum of their .sigma..sub.p constants has a value of less than +0.5, or R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 and/or R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 may represent the necessary atoms to complete an alicyclic or aromatic ring, R.sup.3 and R.sup.2 and/or R.sup.1 and R.sup.6 may represent the necessary atoms to complete a non-aromatic heterocyclic ring,R.sup.7 and R.sup.

Abstract: Polymers containing recurring 2,5-oxolanylene units wherein at least 60 percent of the units are joined directly to one another so as to provide segments consisting of at least 6 of said units.

Abstract: Polymers containing recurring 2,5-oxolanylene units wherein at least 60 percent of the units are joined directly to one another so as to provide segments consisting of at least 6 of said units.