Abstract: Golf club heads include at least one weight port situated to retain weights and positioned above an approximate club face geometric center with the club in a standard address position. One, two, or more weight ports can be located above the club face center in a club crown or other portion of a club body. Club head vertical center of gravity can be selected to compensate dynamic loft associated with locating the club head center of gravity well behind the club face. Three-dimensional adjustment of club head center of gravity is possible.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method of visualizing hearing ability, comprising acquiring, by one or more processors, audio data, generating, by the one or more processors, a hearing ability visualization with the audio data for display, wherein the hearing ability visualization includes a graphical element, a horizontal axis representing volume, and a vertical axis representing frequency, the graphical element being positioned relative to the horizontal axis such that volume is louder closer to the graphical element and quieter further from the graphical element.

Abstract: A wheel traction device may include, but is not limited to, a linkage configured to at least partially encircle a ground-engaging surface of a vehicle wheel; and an adjustment assembly coupled to the linkage, the adjustment assembly configured to apply a tension to the linkage. Further, a wheel traction device may include, but is not limited to, a linkage configured to at least partially encircle a ground-engaging surface of a vehicle wheel; and a traction segment configured to be retained against the ground-engaging surface of the vehicle wheel by the linkage.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for estimation of a volume of liquid diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) contained within a DEF tank. In one example, a method for the estimation of the volume of liquid DEF in a DEF tank during DEF freezing conditions may include activating a heater contained within the DEF tank, and then switching estimation of the volume of liquid DEF via a first transfer function to estimation of the volume of liquid DEF via a second transfer function.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for estimation of a volume of liquid diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) contained within a DEF tank. In one example, a method for the estimation of the volume of liquid DEF in a DEF tank during DEF freezing conditions may include activating a heater contained within the DEF tank, and then switching estimation of the volume of liquid DEF via a first transfer function to estimation of the volume of liquid DEF via a second transfer function.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method of visualizing hearing ability, comprising acquiring, by one or more processors, audio data, generating, by the one or more processors, a hearing ability visualization with the audio data for display, wherein the hearing ability visualization includes a graphical element, a horizontal axis representing volume, and a vertical axis representing frequency, the graphical element being positioned relative to the horizontal axis such that volume is louder closer to the graphical element and quieter further from the graphical element.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for waking up a powertrain control module of an engine-driven vehicle during engine soak to perform an offset test of an exhaust NOx sensor. In one example, a method includes determining a duration to delay waking up the powertrain control module based on exhaust temperature at vehicle-off, waking up the powertrain control module after the duration has expired, and then initiating heating of the NOx sensor. After the NOx sensor lights off, heating continues for an additional duration before offset testing of the NOx sensor is performed.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for waking up a powertrain control module of an engine-driven vehicle during engine soak to perform an offset test of an exhaust NOx sensor. In one example, a method includes determining a duration to delay waking up the powertrain control module based on exhaust temperature at vehicle-off, waking up the powertrain control module after the duration has expired, and then initiating heating of the NOx sensor. After the NOx sensor lights off, heating continues for an additional duration before offset testing of the NOx sensor is performed.

Abstract: The present application relates to mitigating NOx emissions, and more particularly, to vehicles including a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system in the exhaust of a diesel or gasoline engine. In one example a method includes temporarily increasing a liquid reductant dosing value injected by an injector from a first dosing value to a second dosing value, the temporary increase in response to a change from injecting liquid reductant onto a first impact location on a disperser device to injecting onto a second impact location on the disperser device.

Abstract: Various methods are provided for diagnosing an exhaust fluid sensor disposed in an exhaust fluid passage. By monitoring the sensor during conditions when it is in contact with the exhaust fluid and when it is not in contact with the exhaust fluid, an expected change in the sensor output can be monitored to identify whether the sensor is generating sufficiently accurate readings.

Abstract: A method for responding to conditions detected in an on-board diagnostic unit of a motor vehicle and signaling degradation of a component of the motor vehicle. The method includes providing a first response if the conditions signal degradation of the component due to tampering, and providing a second response if the conditions signal degradation of the component not due to tampering.

Abstract: Modification of reductant (e.g., diesel exhaust fluid, DEF) tank location, for example during vehicle up-fitting may result in less than optimal operation of the DEF system due to inaccurate DEF system calibration. In one example approach, the above issue can be at least partially addressed by adjusting control system parameters for system control and diagnostics based on an input indicative of, or any modification to, the DEF tank location. In this way, DEF tank location flexibility is maintained, while also maintaining emission control and diagnostic accuracy.

Abstract: A system for injecting from an injector into a duct of an engine system is provided. The system may include a first flange on a duct connection side, a second flange on an injector connection side, a stand-off separating the first flange from the second flange to form an air gap therebetween, and a seal offset from at least one of the first and the second flanges and located within the airgap and between the first flange and the second flange.

Abstract: A method for operating a liquid reductant injection system is provided. The method includes storing a reductant mixture of ethanol, water, and urea; drawing the stored mixture into an electrically heated pick-up tube for delivery via a delivery line to the exhaust by operating a pump in a first direction; and, clearing a return line that returns the stored mixture or the delivery line by operating the pump in a second, reverse, direction. In this way, by including ethanol in the reductant solution, a freezing point temperature of the liquid reductant may be reduced.

Abstract: Various methods are provided for diagnosing an exhaust fluid sensor disposed in an exhaust fluid passage. By monitoring the sensor during conditions when it is in contact with the exhaust fluid and when it is not in contact with the exhaust fluid, an expected change in the sensor output can be monitored to identify whether the sensor is generating sufficiently accurate readings.

Abstract: Various methods are provided for diagnosing an exhaust fluid sensor disposed in an exhaust fluid passage. By monitoring the sensor during conditions when it is in contact with the exhaust fluid and when it is not in contact with the exhaust fluid, an expected change in the sensor output can be monitored to identify whether the sensor is generating sufficiently accurate readings.

Abstract: Controlling a vehicle responsive to reductant conditions is provided. The method for controlling a vehicle having an engine with an exhaust, the exhaust having a reductant injection system including a reductant storage vessel, the engine further having a fuel system including a fuel storage vessel, may include under degraded reductant conditions, restricting vehicle motion in response to a fuel refill of the fuel storage vessel.

Abstract: Various methods are provided for diagnosing an exhaust fluid sensor disposed in an exhaust fluid passage. By monitoring the sensor during conditions when it is in contact with the exhaust fluid and when it is not in contact with the exhaust fluid, an expected change in the sensor output can be monitored to identify whether the sensor is generating sufficiently accurate readings.

Abstract: A method for responding to conditions detected in an on-board diagnostic unit of a motor vehicle and signaling degradation of a component of the motor vehicle. The method includes providing a first response if the conditions signal degradation of the component due to tampering, and providing a second response if the conditions signal degradation of the component not due to tampering.

Abstract: Modification of reductant (e.g., diesel exhaust fluid, DEF) tank location, for example during vehicle up-fitting may result in less than optimal operation of the DEF system due to inaccurate DEF system calibration. In one example approach, the above issue can be at least partially addressed by adjusting control system parameters for system control and diagnostics based on an input indicative of, or any modification to, the DEF tank location. In this way, DEF tank location flexibility is maintained, while also maintaining emission control and diagnostic accuracy.