Abstract: The apparatus is an interactive, scenario based simulator for training a pons team in close encounter combat. Employed is a large screen projection system, a plurality of trainee positions, and means to remove aggressor images when neutralized by the team, to provide an apparent threat to the trainees from the simulated aggressors, and to track each trainees performance throughout the training scenario.

Abstract: The apparatus is an interactive, scenario based simulator for training a weapons team in close encounter combat. Employed is a large screen projection system, a plurality of trainee positions, and means to remove aggressor images when neutralized by the team, to provide an apparent threat to the trainees from the simulated aggressors, and to track each trainees performance throughout the training scenario.

Abstract: The apparatus is an interactive, scenario based simulator for training a weapons team in close encounter combat. Employed is a large screen projection system, a plurality of trainee positions, and means to remove aggressor images when neutralized by the team, to provide an apparent threat to the trainees from the simulated aggressors, and to track each trainees performance throughout the training scenario.

Abstract: The apparatus is an interactive, scenario based simulator for training a pons team in close encounter combat. Employed is a large screen projection system, a plurality of trainee positions, and means to remove aggressor images when neutralized by the team, to provide an apparent threat to the trainees from the simulated aggressors, and to track each trainees performance throughout the training scenario.

Abstract: Disclosed is a capability for training and other uses wherein a firearm can e aligned with its target by use of a laser beam, or the target can be designated to others by illuminating it with the laser beam. A laser diode that provides visible light is used in conjunction with the boresight of a gun to paint a visible spot on an intended target at the location the bullet will impact if the weapon were fired. The beam emitted by the diode is collimated by a miniature gradient refractive index lens co-located with the diode on a heat sink that is included to convey heat away from the heat sensitive components. A circuit having a photodiode and a differencing amplifier is included to provide stability in the output of the laser, in order to overcome the effects of thermal excursions, and to protect the reflective surfaces of the laser from power surges. The on-off switch is a pressure sensitive material removably attached to the gun in a convenient location for it to be operated by the user's gun hand.

Abstract: A trainer for manually aimed weapons, having a projection screen video sym, a video disk player for providing pre-recorded scenes of a target image, a simulated weapon having actuable trigger, and a microprocessor having a file that identifies target location and range within each frame of the scenes and programmed to superimpose upon actuation of the trigger a graphic in-flight and impact image of a shot computed from a fourth order ballistics equation. Recoil of the simulated weapon is provided by pneumatics, as well as sound affects of the shot and its distant impact. Hit and miss explosions are provided in graphics selected from a set of stored image data by comparing the computed location of impact to the pre-identified target location. For shots that impact beyond the target, blanking of the graphics image is provided for that part of the explosion hidden by the target.

Abstract: Disclosed is a marksmanship trainer that can accommodate a plurality of tnees. The trainer includes the long range light pen that is the present invention to measure sighting accuracy and tracking steadiness. In the disclosure it is set with the sight of a simulated or operational weapon, and achieves resolution to the pixel level by using telescope optics and special purpose circuitry. Each trainee is provided with a raster scan display and a computer that provide a target image and corrective feedback to the trainee. Bridge configured dual strain gauges are used to sense breathing, and a force sensing resistor is used to monitor trigger squeeze. Recoil is simulated mechanically, and a simulated report of the weapon is provided through a headset. The feedback of corrective action is provided aurally/graphically from a stored expert library.

Abstract: The invention is a marksmanship trainer that can accommodate a plurality of trainees. The trainer includes a long range light pen to measure sighting accuracy and tracking steadiness. It is set with the sight of a simulated or operational weapon, and achieves resolution to the pixel level by using telescope optics and special purpose circuitry in addition to its computer board. Each trainee is provided with a raster scan display and a computer that provide a target image and corrective feedback to the trainee. Bridge configured dual strain gauges are used to sense breathing, and a force sensing resistor is used to monitor trigger squeeze. Recoil is simulated mechanically, and a simulated report of the weapon is provided through a headset. The feedback of corrective action is provided aurally/graphically from a stored expert library.

Abstract: An apparatus for training students in thermal image recognition provides a lurality of variable thermal images for viewing through telescopic sights at a plurality of student stations. Identification of the image is electronically evaluated for correctness and response time by a microcomputer, located at an instructor station, which controls displays indicative of the student's performance.

Abstract: A training system simulates thermal sight presentations utilizing miniature argets which have been painted with retroreflective paint in predetermined patterns corresponding to the thermal radiation associated with the target. The target is viewed through a telescope upon which a light source is mounted, light from said source being reflected into said telescope by the retroreflective paint. A pressure actuated switch in the eyecup of said telescope energizes said light source and background illumination. The system is designed for use with a simulated weapon and includes a TV camera mounted on said weapon with an associated light source for illuminating said target, thereby providing trainee monitoring capabilities.

Abstract: A simulated thermal sight utilizes a computer to store digitized video data erived from photographs of actual thermal images. The computer inserts video images formed from the data into optical telescopes, via a miniature TV and mirror system, to simulate a thermal image for a trainee. An IR detector and emitter, whose location corresponds to the apparent location of the thermal image, are used to measure aim error and provide an input to the computer.

Abstract: A training device for simulated anti-armor weapons system utilizes a microcessor system to perform a number of functions including solving dynamic flight equations of a simulated missile and determining the gunner's aiming error. A miniature terrain board having a miniature target with an infrared source provides the aim point for a gunner using a simulated weapon launcher. An infrared sensing device mounted in the weapon provides input to the microprocessor while a CCTV provides an instructor with a gunner's view. Sound, visibility, and recoil associated with weapons use are simulated by peripheral devices under the control of the microprocessor. The gunner's aiming error and view are displayed in real time on an instructor's console which provides for instructor input and recording of gunner performance.

Abstract: An eye position measurement circuit is disclosed for calculating the posin of the cornea of the human eye. The eye position measurement circuit includes a dual axis infrared light detector which will sense the position of the cornea of the eye upon receiving pulsed infrared light reflected from the cornea of the eye. The dual axis infrared light detector is, in turn, connected in unique combination with filters, absolute value circuits, analog-to-digital converters, latches, a digital computer, and other electronic components for calculating the position of the cornea of the human eye.

Abstract: A linear motion and pop-up target training system is disclosed for training a marksman to fire a simulated weapon. Located upon the terrain surface of a modelboard are six pop-up targets and three bi-directional linear motion targets, each of which emits, when activated by a first microprocessor computer, a pulsed beam of infrared light. Mounted upon the weapon is a sensor which will sense the pulsed beam of infrared light emitted by the activated target. The sensor then supplied to a rifle electronics circuit an analog signal proportional to the amount of light received by the sensor, and the rifle electronics circuit converts the analog signal to a digital logic signal to be supplied to a second microprocessor computer. The second microprocessor computer then processes the digital logic signal in accordance with a predetermined computer program so as to determine whether the marksman has scored a hit, a miss, or a near miss upon the activated target.

Abstract: An electro-optic infantry weapons training system for simulating the firing f a quintet of weapons at a visual target which appears upon a screen. A quintet of trainee riflemen, each of whom is holding a weapon, aim and fire the weapons at the visual target. A visual projector projects upon the screen a background scene including the visual target, while an infrared projector simultaneously projects upon the screen an infrared target. Each weapon includes a sensor element for sensing the infrared target whenever the weapon is correctly aimed at the visual target. The sensor elements are connected in a unique combination with sensor circuits, enable circuits, and an interface circuit so as to provide to a microprocessor computer and an eight-bit microcomputer data words which indicate whether each of the quintet of trainee riflemen have scored a hit upon the visual target.

Abstract: A weapons training apparatus is disclosed for simulating long range weapons o as to train a marksman in the use of the particular weapon being simulated. The weapons training apparatus comprises a laser transmitter mounted within the weapon being simulated which, when activated by the marksman, broadcast at a target a square wave beam of laser light having a predetermined frequency. A receiver, mounted upon the target, will sense only a square wave laser light beam having the predetermined frequency mentioned above, and activate a buzzer so as to indicate that the marksman has scored a hit upon the target.

Abstract: A marksmanship training device is disclosed for simulating long range weas so as to train a marksman in the use of the particular weapon being simulated. The marksmanship training device comprises a laser transmitter mounted within the weapon being simulated which, when activated by the marksman, broadcasts at a target a square wave beam of laser light having a predetermined frequency. A receiver, mounted upon the target, will sense only a square wave laser light beam having the predetermined frequency mentioned above and activate a buzzer so as to indicate that the marksman has scored a hit upon the target.

Abstract: An apparatus for simulating the recoil motion of a weapon. The apparatus comprises a weapon having a trigger mechanism and an orifice located near the tip of the weapon. Whenever a trainee rifleman activates the trigger mechanism, timing means generates a trigger pulse. The trigger pulse, in turn, activates a two-way valve which allows a stream of compressed air to pass from a compressor to an intake port located on the weapon. The stream of compressed air is then passed through the orifice of the weapon so as to simulate the recoil motion of the weapon.

Abstract: A recoil simulator is disclosed in which one end of a flexible cable is ached to a weapon and the other end to a system comprising a rotating shaft and a clutch. As the trigger of the weapon is pulled a signal is produced which activates the clutch. The clutch creates a sudden pull on the end of the flexible cable simulating recoil.

Abstract: A marksmanship training system has been developed which depends upon the mal levels of infrared radiation emitted from warm-blooded animals, such as humans. An infrared detector is mounted upon a simulated rifle or unloaded real rifle, or other weapon. This detector is mounted with IR lenses in such a way that a positive indication is given when the rifle is pointed at a suitable infrared emitting animal target. A second detector indicates when the trigger of the weapon is pulled. If a trigger pull is detected at a time when an animal infrared signal is present, the system generates an electronic pulse indicating that a target hit has occurred. This pulse may be used to drive a visible or audible signaling device to inform the user of success.