Abstract: The subject matter of the invention is a device for the hydrolysis of at least one compound. The device comprises a first cylindrical section having a diameter Dmax, a central duct, an outer duct which surrounds the central duct coaxially, an outlet having a diameter DA, and a second section which tapers towards the outlet and into which the ducts issue. The second section has, in cross-section along a longitudinal axis AL of the device, a profile which is described by two radii R1 and R2 which merge tangentially into each other, where 0.2<R1/DA<4.0 and 0.3<R2/DA<5.0. The invention also relates to a method for the hydrolysis of at least one compound. In the method, the device is used to conduct water at least through the outer duct and to conduct the compound to be hydrolysed through the central duct and/or through at least one intermediate duct and to mix them with each other at least partially in the second section. The compound and the water are in liquid form.

Abstract: The subject matter of the invention is a device for the hydrolysis of at least one compound. The device comprises a first cylindrical section having a diameter Dmax, a central duct, an outer duct which surrounds the central duct coaxially, an outlet having a diameter DA, and a second section which tapers towards the outlet and into which the ducts issue. The second section has, in cross-section along a longitudinal axis AL of the device, a profile which is described by two radii R1 and R2 which merge tangentially into each other, where 0.2<R1/DA<4.0 and 0.3<R2/DA<5.0. The invention also relates to a method for the hydrolysis of at least one compound. In the method, the device is used to conduct water at least through the outer duct and to conduct the compound to be hydrolysed through the central duct and/or through at least one intermediate duct and to mix them with each other at least partially in the second section. The compound and the water are in liquid form.

Abstract: The invention refers to a motor spindle for a machine tool which includes a tool clamping system configured to automatically clamp and release an adjustable tool, a control rod arranged within the tool clamping system, and a setting unit arranged at a B side of the motor spindle which is configured to adjust an adjustable tool via the control rod.

Abstract: In a device for the re-condensation of low-boiling gases evaporating from a liquid gas container having a tubular neck in which a cold head of a cryo-generator is supported, the cold head includes a pulse tube with a heat exchanger and a cold area having an annular projection extending into an annular recess formed in a heat transfer ring mounted in the tubular neck in closely spaced relationship with the walls of the annular recess so as to provide a gas passage therethrough and permitting relative axial movement between the cold head and the liquid gas container.

Abstract: In a device for the re-condensation of low-boiling gases evaporating from a liquid gas container having a tubular neck in which a cold head of a cryo-generator is supported, the cold head includes a pulse tube with a heat exchanger and a cold area having an annular projection extending into an annular recess formed in a heat transfer ring mounted in the tubular neck in closely spaced relationship with the walls of the annular recess so as to provide a gas passage therethrough and permitting relative axial movement between the cold head and the liquid gas container.

Abstract: In an expander in a pulse tube cooling stage of a cooling system which pulse tube cooling stage comprises a pressure generator, a pulse tube cooling unit connected to the pressure generator and including a regenerator and a pulse tube with a heat exchanger arranged therebetween and a buffer volume in communication with the pulse tube and an expander arranged functionally between the pulse tube and the buffer volume, the expander includes capillary flow passages consisting of a material with high heat conductivity for dissipating heat from the gas flowing through the capillary flow passages.

Abstract: In a periodically operating refrigeration machine which includes a thermal performance amplifier based on the known pulse tube process, the thermal performance amplifier includes a compression arrangement with a first heat exchanger for transferring heat to the environment a regenerator, a second heat exchanger supplying heat to the performance amplifier, a pulse tube, and a third heat exchanger for removing heat which is disposed adjacent a pulse tube cooler. The pulse tube cooler also includes a regenerator, a heat exchanger and a pulse tube, another heat exchanger and an expander all sized for an optimal operation.

Abstract: In a periodically operating refrigeration machine which includes a thermal performance amplifier based on the known pulse tube process, the thermal performance amplifier includes a compression arrangement with a first heat exchanger for transferring heat to the environment a regenerator, a second heat exchanger supplying heat to the performance amplifier, a pulse tube, and a third heat exchanger for removing heat which is disposed adjacent a pulse tube cooler. The pulse tube cooler also includes a regenerator, a heat exchanger and a pulse tube, another heat exchanger and an expander all sized for an optimal operation.

Abstract: A method for cooling an object with the aid of superfluid helium (He II) in which a fountain effect pump is used to produce a forced flow of He II and to an apparatus for implementing the method. The abnormally good thermal conductivity of He II in a temperature range between 1.7.degree. K. and 2.1.degree. K. and its superfluidity are excellent characteristics for cooling superconductive magnetic coils. In the past, such 1.8.degree. K. cooled coils could be attained only by external cooling according to the bath cooling principle. Internal cooling of the conductors with forced flow, as practiced already with He I cooling systems, could not yet be realized for operation with He II due to the lack of suitable pumping systems.

Abstract: In order to replenish a helium bath in the super-conducting rotor of an electrical machine, in which bath liquid helium boils at subatmospheric pressure, with liquid helium from a helium reservoir, the liquid helium in the reservoir being at ambient pressure and a part of the liquid helium changing to the vapor phase during flow from the reservoir to the bath, liquid helium is introduced into the bath at a distance from the rotor axis of rotation, the liquid and vapor phases of the helium flowing from the reservoir to the bath are separated from one another in a phase separator fixed to the rotor, and the separated vapor phase is extracted from the separator.

Abstract: To effect a self-regulating replenishment of helium from a reservoir into a helium pool in the superconducting rotor of a generator, in which helium in the pool boils at subatmospheric pressure, and a portion of the helium being transferred from the reservoir changes to the vapor phase, and in which both helium phases are delivered into the helium pool at a distance from the axis of rotor rotation, the two helium phases are separated from one another, and the liquid and vapor phases are introduced separately into the pool at respectively different distances from the axis of rotor rotation, the liquid phase being introduced at a greater distance than the vapor phase from the axis, and the vapor phase being introduced into the pool at a distance from the axis of rotor rotation which is greater than that of the vapor/liquid interface in the pool.

Abstract: A storage vessel for liquefied gas, especially liquefied helium and liquefied hydrogen intended to be stored at temperatures below about 30.degree.K, comprises inner and outer shells respectively at the liquefied-gas temperature and an ambient temperature, a radiation shield disposed between but spaced from the inner and outer shells and cooled by nitrogen or the like to a temperature between the storage temperature and ambient (preferably of the order of 70.degree.K), a filling of a particulate insulating material between the radiation shield and the inner shell, and a filling composed of a mixture of such insulating particles and reflective metal particles between the outer shell and the radiation shield. The spaces between the inner and outer shells, respectively, and the radiation shield are evacuated and the insulating material is preferably perlite. The metal particles may be aluminum or copper.