Abstract: The invention relates to particles for determining the local temperature in organic and non-organic bodies. The temperature is determined using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) when the particles are utilized. The aim of the invention is to provide temperature sensors which allow the temperature to be measured in vivo in a contactless manner on a nanometer scale while making it possible to use NMR-active substances which are foreign to the body or are contained therein in small quantities only and can be toxic, the temperature sensors allowing the temperature to be measured in vivo also on materials that are foreign to the body, e.g. nanoparticles that are heated in the body in a certain way. Another aim of the invention is to produce the temperature sensors with defined geometrical dimensions in the nanometer range.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tool, especially a cutting insert for cutting metallic materials, which consist of a hard metal, cermet ceramics or steel base, especially of a high speed steel base, and at least one layer deposited thereon. The single layer, or in the case of several layers the outer layer or the layer underneath the outer layer, contains molybdenum sulfide. The aim of the invention is to improve the resistance to wear of the friction-reducing, molybdenum sulfide containing layer even at high pressures. To this end, the molybdenum sulfide containing layer consists of an alternating sequence of two layer that are different from one another. The first layer contains 51 to 100% by weight of metallic molybdenum and the second layer contains 21 to 100% by weight of MoS2 which substantially consists of hexagonal crystals that are at least substantially oriented in a plane parallel to the tool surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tool, especially a cutting insert for cutting metallic materials, consisting of a hard metal, cermet, ceramic or steel base body and at least one coating deposited thereon. This single coating or in the event that there are several layers, the outer layer or the layer below the outer layer, consists essentially of molybdenum sulphide. The invention also relates to a method for producing the molybdenum sulphide coating by chemical vapour deposition. According to the invention, the molybdenum sulphide coating contains a mixture of the sulphide phases MoS2 and Mo2S3 with an essentially random orientation (isotropic orientation) of the phase crystals. The coating is applied by means of a chemical vapour deposition procedure.

Abstract: A method for depositing refractory alumina (A.sub.2 O.sub.3) thin layers on cutting tools made of cemented carbide, cermet, ceramics or high speed steel is disclosed. The present method is a Plasma Activated Chemical Vapor Deposition (PACVD) process in which the plasma is produced by applying a bipolar pulsed DC voltage across two electrodes to which the tool substrates to be coated are fixtured and electrically connected.In contrast to prior art methods, built-up electrical charge on non-conducting surfaces is suppressed and hence, no arcing occurs on said surfaces. This will permit stable, long-term processing,With the present method, high-quality coatings of either single phase gamma-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 or of a mixture of gamma- and alpha-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 phases can be deposited on cutting tools at deposition temperatures as low as 500.degree. C.