Abstract: Methods and apparatus to partition data are discloses. An example method includes generating, with a processor, an indicator matrix for a set of panelist data based on a set of matrix criteria corresponding to the panelist data. The entries in the indicator matrix are determined based on a conditional probability of a panelist having one or more characteristics. An indicator is placed in a panelist vector of the matrix if the panelist has the one or more characteristics. A set of unique panelist vectors is determined and redundant panelist vectors that are not unique are removed to determine a minimum set of mutually exclusive partitions of the panelist data.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for calculating granular data of an audience of a target region. An example method includes utilizing minimum cross entropy to apportion aggregate demographics data and aggregate behavioral data of the target region based on granular data of a source region. The example further includes reducing an amount of computer memory resources by calculating the granular data of the audience without collecting person-specific data from audience members of the target region, the granular data of the audience including (A) a count of the audience of the target region satisfying a behavioral constraint and a first demographic constraint and (B) a count of the audience of the target region satisfying the behavioral constraint and a second demographic constraint, the calculated granular data based on the aggregate demographics data of the target region, the aggregate behavioral data of the target region, and the granular data of the source region.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to monitor environments are disclosed. An example method includes triggering a two-dimensional recognition analysis, in connection with a first frame of data, on two-dimensional data points representative of an object detected in an environment, the triggering based on satisfying a first trigger event, the first trigger event one of (1) a distance between the object and a sensor of the environment satisfying a threshold distance, or (2) elapsing of a time interval. In response to determining that the object is recognized as a person in the first frame, triggering the two-dimensional recognition analysis in connection with a second frame, the second frame subsequent to the first frame, the two-dimensional recognition analysis of the second frame performed on two-dimensional data points representative of a location in the second frame corresponding to the location of the person in the first frame.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to estimate demographics of a household are disclosed. An example method to determine demographics for non-panelist households includes calculating a first demographic constraint average and a second demographic constraint average based on a first demographic distribution of a first tuning event of a household and a second demographic distribution of a second tuning event of the household. The household is a non-panelist household. The example method also includes, based on the first demographic constraint average, determining a first likelihood of the household being associated with a first demographic constraint. The example method also includes, based on the second demographic constraint average, determining a second likelihood of the household being associated with a second demographic constraint. The example method also includes estimating a household characteristic of the household based on the first likelihood and the second likelihood.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture are disclosed to monitor media presentation to determine a period of media presentation based on tuning session period are disclosed. Example methods disclosed herein include determining a first tuning session based on a period of time between channel changes of a first media presentation device, determining first presentation session data within the determined first tuning session, determining a model relating the first tuning session with the first presentation session data, determine a second tuning session for tuning data from a second media presentation device, selecting the model for the second tuning session, based on a match of a first duration of the second tuning session and a second duration associated with the model, and estimating second presentation session data for the second tuning session based on the model.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and articles of manufacture to detect shapes are disclosed. Example methods disclosed herein include determining a first likelihood of detection for a reference shape at a first distance from an image capturing device, and storing the reference shape in a first group of a plurality of groups in the database based on a comparison of the first likelihood of detection with a first threshold, the first group associated with the first distance. Disclosed examples also include selecting reference shapes of the first group to compare to an object outline detected in an image in response to a query, the query including a depth value associated with the detected object outline, the selecting of the reference shapes of the first group based on the depth value.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to determine characteristics of media audiences are disclosed. An example method includes creating a constraint matrix based on a first activity associated with a first characteristic of a population, the first activity associated with a second characteristic of the population, and a first combination associated with at least one of the first activity, the first characteristic, and the second characteristic. The example method includes creating a combination total set based on a first measurement for the first activity associated with the first characteristic and a second measurement for the first activity associated with the second characteristic. The example method includes computing a first entropy probability based on the constraint matrix and the combination total set. The example method includes estimating a first portion of the population that matches the first combination based on the first entropy probability.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture to estimate ratings for media assets using social media are disclosed. An example method includes accessing media exposure data and social media activity data corresponding to a plurality of media assets in a media bundle, the media assets included in the media bundle having audience demographics that overlap with a first media asset, determining a first credibility factor for the first media asset and average exposure for social media activity count values for respective ones of the media assets in the media bundle based on the media exposure data and the social media activity data, and applying the first credibility factor to an average exposure per social media activity count value determined for the first media asset to estimate the ratings for the first media asset.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for calculating granular data of an audience of a target region. An example method includes utilizing minimum cross entropy to apportion aggregate demographics data and aggregate behavioral data of the target region based on granular data of a source region. The example further includes reducing an amount of computer memory resources by calculating the granular data of the audience without collecting person-specific data from audience members of the target region, the granular data of the audience including (A) a count of the audience of the target region satisfying a behavioral constraint and a first demographic constraint and (B) a count of the audience of the target region satisfying the behavioral constraint and a second demographic constraint, the calculated granular data based on the aggregate demographics data of the target region, the aggregate behavioral data of the target region, and the granular data of the source region.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and articles of manufacture to detect shapes are disclosed. An example method includes determining a depth value associated with an object outline detected in image data representative of an environment; and using the depth value to select a first group of reference shapes to be compared to the object outline from a collection of reference shapes, the first group representing a portion of the collection of reference shapes.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to estimate demographics of a household are disclosed. An example method to determine demographics for non-panelist households includes calculating a first demographic constraint average and a second demographic constraint average based on a first demographic distribution of a first tuning event of a household and a second demographic distribution of a second tuning event of the household. The household is a non-panelist household. The example method also includes, based on the first demographic constraint average, determining a first likelihood of the household being associated with a first demographic constraint. The example method also includes, based on the second demographic constraint average, determining a second likelihood of the household being associated with a second demographic constraint. The example method also includes estimating a household characteristic of the household based on the first likelihood and the second likelihood.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture to estimate ratings for media assets using social media are disclosed. An example method includes accessing media exposure data and social media activity data corresponding to a plurality of media assets in a media bundle, the media assets included in the media bundle having audience demographics that overlap with a first media asset, determining a first credibility factor for the first media asset and average exposure for social media activity count values for respective ones of the media assets in the media bundle based on the media exposure data and the social media activity data, and applying the first credibility factor to an average exposure per social media activity count value determined for the first media asset to estimate the ratings for the first media asset.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to utilize a minimum cross entropy to calculate granular data of a region based on another region for media audience measurement. An example method for calculating granular data of a region for media audience measurement includes determining, by executing first instructions via a processor, aggregate behavioral data associated with a measurement of a media audience of a target region; determining, by executing second instructions via the processor, aggregate demographics data of the target region; and determining, by executing third instructions via the processor, granular data of a source region. The example method includes calculating, by executing fourth instructions via the processor, granular data of the media audience of the target region by utilizing minimum cross entropy to apportion the aggregate demographics data and the aggregate behavioral data of the target region based on the granular data of the source region to determine.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to improve detection and false alarm rate over image segmentation are disclosed. An example method includes determining a first score based on a first pixel distance between a first feature of a first object in a reference image and a second feature in a second image of a search area, determining a second score corresponding to a second pixel distance between the second feature and a mathematical representation of a plurality of shapes representing a similarity between the second feature in the second image of the search area and the plurality of shapes observed simultaneously. The method further includes determining a normalized score by normalizing the first score based on the second score and identifying a second object in the second image of the search area as the first object in the reference image when the normalized score satisfies a threshold score.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to utilize a minimum cross entropy to calculate granular data of a region based on another region for media audience measurement. An example method for calculating granular data of a region for media audience measurement includes determining, by executing first instructions via a processor, aggregate behavioral data associated with a measurement of a media audience of a target region; determining, by executing second instructions via the processor, aggregate demographics data of the target region; and determining, by executing third instructions via the processor, granular data of a source region. The example method includes calculating, by executing fourth instructions via the processor, granular data of the media audience of the target region by utilizing minimum cross entropy to apportion the aggregate demographics data and the aggregate behavioral data of the target region based on the granular data of the source region to determine.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture are disclosed for a viewing condition probability calculator. The viewing condition probability calculator enumerates a list of all viewing combinations for a tuning event, for a number of people N at a location. A probability for each of the viewing combinations is determined, using an independent probability of viewing for each of the N people at the location. A probability of a viewing condition is determined using the probabilities of a first set of viewing combinations that have a first common characteristic.

Abstract: Example methods, apparatus, systems to perform context-based image recognition are disclosed. Disclosed example methods include comparing a first and second reference region of a reference image with a first and second region of a first captured image to determine a first and second match value. In response to determining the first and second match values satisfy a first and second threshold: associating the first captured image with a product associated with the first reference image, the product being associated with a plurality of second reference images stored in the database. Decrementing index values associated with ones of the second reference images. Removing a reference record associated with one of the second reference images from the database based on a corresponding one of the second index values satisfying a first condition, the removal of the reference record reducing the storage space required to store reference records in the database.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture are disclosed herein. An example method to improve object detection and false alarm rate over image segmentation includes overlaying a first object of a first image onto a second image. A first score based on a first chamfer distance between first edges of the first object and second edges in the second image is determined. A second score corresponding to a second chamfer distance between the second edges and a mathematical representation of a plurality of shapes is determined, the second score representing a similarity between the second edges and the plurality of shapes observed simultaneously. A normalized score is determined by normalizing the first score based on the second score. A presence of the second object in the second image matching the first object is detected based on whether the normalized score satisfies a threshold score.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture are disclosed to determine a causal effect of observation data without reference data.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to facilitate dynamic classification for market research are disclosed. Example disclosed methods include constructing, using a programmed processor based on data for a sample population and a first set of input variables, a self-organizing map classifying the sample population according to a plurality of classes defined in the map using fuzzy class membership. Example disclosed methods include extracting the fuzzy class membership for the sample population from the map. Example disclosed methods include correlating fuzzy class membership with behavior data for the sample population to determine a likely class behavior for the plurality of classes. Example disclosed methods include using fuzzy class membership and the likely class behavior to provide a predictive market output in response to a query.