Abstract: A ready-to-use emulsified food formulation containing a vegetable in a finely divided form, vegetable oil, water, and an oleaginous seed in a finely divided form and, present in an amount of between 0.1% and 15% by weight, is disclosed. The emulsified food formulation is free of thickeners, emulsifiers and stabilizers and is obtained by homogenization carried out at a pressure greater than or equal to 10000 kPa. The emulsified food formulation is characterized by having a modal diameter of the particles contained therein of greater than or equal to 300 ?m and by containing a vegetable fiber in a finely divided form having a fiber content of greater than (70)% w/w and a water binding capacity of greater than 5 g water/g dry matter.

Abstract: A dried pasta based on a meal comprising a pre-cooked flour of peeled legumes in an amount of at least 50% by weight of the total weight of the meal, wherein said dried pasta is free of binding agents and said legume flour has a protein dispersability index (PDI) greater than or equal to 55.

Abstract: A method for dynamic routing an optical signal in an optical network is provided, including: executing a shortest-path algorithm receiving input concerning a source node, a destination node and the topology of the network, providing a shortest-path tree comprising nodes and arcs connecting the nodes, the shortest-path tree comprising branches along which an effective attenuation is no greater than a predetermined limit, each branch comprising an end node and each end node being associated with a corresponding set of wavelengths; checking, for each end node having no wavelength conversion resources and for each wavelength, if the end node is connected to at least another node external to the branch through the wavelength; excluding, for any end node if the result of the checking is negative for at least one wavelength, the at least one wavelength from the corresponding set of wavelengths, thus updating the topology; and re-executing the shortest-path algorithm.

Abstract: A routing method for a network including a first type of nodes and a second type of nodes, in particular an optical telecommunication network including transparent codes and regenerating nodes, includes: constructing a simplified network topology including the given node, the second nodes, first paths between the given node and the second nodes and second paths between each couple of second nodes, wherein the first and second paths pass only through first nodes and have an acceptable run-through cost, and, if the given node receives a routing request specifying a destination node that is reachable only through a second node, constructing an enhanced network topology by adding to the simplified network topology the destination node and third paths between the destination node and the second nodes that pass only through first nodes and have an acceptable run-through cost; and searching for a path having the lowest run-through cost from the given node to the destination node in the enhanced network topology.

Abstract: A packet and optical routing equipment exchanges multiplexed optical signals with other equipment in a network and exchanges branch non-packet and packet signals with client equipment. The entering branch non-packet signals are converted into electric signals by a non-packet interface and supplied directly to an electric switching unit, the entering packet branch signals are converted into electric signals, supplied to a packet forwarding module and routed to the electric switching unit. The electric switching unit switches the electric signals toward a WDM interface that converts them into optical signals at selected wavelengths that are added to the multiplexed optical signals. The entering multiplexed optical signals that should be terminated in the equipment are extracted, converted into electrical signals, and electrically switched toward the non-packet interface or the packet forwarding module according to whether they are of non-packet or of a packet type.

Abstract: A method for dynamic routing an optical signal in an optical network is provided, including: executing a shortest-path algorithm receiving input concerning a source node, a destination node and the topology of the network, providing a shortest-path tree comprising nodes and arcs connecting the nodes, the shortest-path tree comprising branches along which an effective attenuation is no greater than a predetermined limit, each branch comprising an end node and each end node being associated with a corresponding set of wavelengths; checking, for each end node having no wavelength conversion resources and for each wavelength, if the end node is connected to at least another node external to the branch through the wavelength; excluding, for any end node if the result of the checking is negative for at least one wavelength, the at least one wavelength from the corresponding set of wavelengths, thus updating the topology; and re-executing the shortest-path algorithm.

Abstract: An optical network is configured so as to dedicate a first portion of lightpaths to high priority traffic and leave a second portion of lightpaths available for low priority traffic. The high priority traffic entering the high priority lightpaths is monitored. In case of detection of a burst in high priority traffic, at least one of the low priority lightpaths is torn down, so as to make available network resources within the network. Then, a new temporary lightpath is set up using the available network resources, and high priority traffic is routed on the temporary lightpath.

Abstract: A routing method for a network including a first type of nodes and a second type of nodes, in particular an optical telecommunication network including transparent codes and regenerating nodes, includes: constructing a simplified network topology including the given node, the second nodes, first paths between the given node and the second nodes and second paths between each couple of second nodes, wherein the first and second paths pass only through first nodes and have an acceptable run-through cost, and, if the given node receives a routing request specifying a destination node that is reachable only through a second node, constructing an enhanced network topology by adding to the simplified network topology the destination node and third paths between the destination node and the second nodes that pass only through first nodes and have an acceptable run-through cost; and searching for a path having the lowest run-through cost from the given node to the destination node in the enhanced network topology.

Abstract: An optical network is configured so as to dedicate a first portion of lightpaths to high priority traffic and leave a second portion of lightpaths available for low priority traffic. The high priority traffic entering the high priority lightpaths is monitored. In case of detection of a burst in high priority traffic, at least one of the low priority lightpaths is torn down, so as to make available network resources within the network. Then, a new temporary lightpath is set up using the available network resources, and high priority traffic is routed on the temporary lightpath.

Abstract: A packet and optical routing equipment exchanges multiplexed optical signals with other equipment in a network and exchanges branch non-packet and packet signals with client equipment. The entering branch non-packet signals are converted into electric signals by a non-packet interface and supplied directly to an electric switching unit, the entering packet branch signals are converted into electric signals, supplied to a packet forwarding module and routed to the electric switching unit. The electric switching unit switches the electric signals toward a WDM interface that converts them into optical signals at selected wavelengths that are added to the multiplexed optical signals. The entering multiplexed optical signals that should be terminated in the equipment are extracted, converted into electrical signals, and electrically switched toward the non-packet interface or the packet forwarding module according to whether they are of non-packet or of a packet type.