Abstract: Systems and methods for copper etch monitoring and control are described. Certain embodiments include utilizing thin-film cells to measure the absorbance of a copper etch solution to determine the etch rate of the solution. In another embodiment, a method of controlling etch rate of a copper etch solution includes detecting characteristics of the copper etch solution utilizing a sensor device, e.g., flow cell and/or attenuated total reflection probe, calculating, based on the detected characteristics of the copper etch solution, the etch rate of the copper etch solution, and adjusting the etch rate of the copper etch solution in response to the calculated etch rate deviating from a specified value.

Abstract: Systems and methods for copper etch monitoring and control are described. Certain embodiments include utilizing thin-film cells to measure the absorbance of a copper etch solution to determine the etch rate of the solution. In another embodiment, a method of controlling etch rate of a copper etch solution includes detecting characteristics of the copper etch solution utilizing a sensor device, e.g., flow cell and/or attenuated total reflection probe, calculating, based on the detected characteristics of the copper etch solution, the etch rate of the copper etch solution, and adjusting the etch rate of the copper etch solution in response to the calculated etch rate deviating from a specified value.

Abstract: The fluid containment system comprises a plurality of interlocking wall sections, each having a male connector at one end and a mating female connector at an opposite end for connection to the male connector of an adjacent wall section in alignment therewith having a similar configuration. A plurality of connector sections are also provided which connect the wall sections at right angles to one another for forming a perimeter about a selected area to contain spilled fluid within the selected area. A liner is provided which spans the selected area and is secured to the wall sections about the perimeter of the selected area by a suitable capping system. The connector sections permit the selected area to be divided by the wall sections into plural divided and contained zones for protecting various different fluid storage systems within the selected area against undesirable spillage and possible mixing with one another.

Abstract: A fluid containment system is provided comprising a plurality of interlocking wall sections, each having a male connector at one end and a mating female connector at an opposite end for connection to the male connector of an adjacent wall section in alignment therewith having a similar configuration. A plurality of connector sections are also provided which connect the wall sections at right angles to one another for forming a perimeter about a selected area to contain spilled fluid within the selected area. A liner is provided which spans the selected area and is secured to the wall sections about the perimeter of the selected area by a suitable capping system. The connector sections permit the selected area to be divided by the wall sections into plural divided and contained zones for protecting various different fluid storage systems within the selected area against undesirable spillage and possible mixing with one another.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of production of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) by incubating PHA producing microorganisms in a medium containing starch, starch extracts, or derivatives as sources of carbon. The process comprises also the synthesis of derived compounds belonging to the chemical family of PHA.