Abstract: The present disclosure provides a list of genes, and the proteins encoded by these genes, that modulate and/or participate in the synthesis of the biopolymer suberin. The genes described here are useful in methods for producing genetically modified plants or breeding plants with altered production (enhanced or disrupted) of suberin. Such plants can contain modified or mutated candidate peptides; or have disrupted expression of using methods such as clustered regularly-interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated (Cas) nuclease, an antisense nucleic acid, a zinc finger nuclease (ZFN), or a transcription activator-like effector (TALE) nuclease. Suberin has a positive influence on response to plant water stress, a long-lasting role as a carbon sink in soil; and the lack of suberin encourages symbioses for nutrient uptake as well as for prevention of pathogenicity.

Abstract: A test method includes deriving road grade information or wind load information from test schedule torque outputs generated by a dynamometer operatively arranged with a first vehicle, and controlling an accelerator pedal, an accelerator pedal signal, a fuel injector, a manifold pressure, a motor controller, or a throttle valve associated with the first or a second vehicle according to a speed schedule such that the dynamometer, or another dynamometer, programmed with the road grade information or wind load information and operatively arranged with the first or second vehicle applies a load to the first or second vehicle that reflects the road grade information or wind load information.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed using electromagnetic (EM) spectroscopy to obtain non-destructively measurements to determine the water activity (Aw) of meat using reflected and/or transmitted signals.

Abstract: A test method includes deriving road grade information or wind load information from test schedule torque outputs generated by a dynamometer operatively arranged with a first vehicle, and controlling an accelerator pedal, an accelerator pedal signal, a fuel injector, a manifold pressure, a motor controller, or a throttle valve associated with the first or a second vehicle according to a speed schedule such that the dynamometer, or another dynamometer, programmed with the road grade information or wind load information and operatively arranged with the first or second vehicle applies a load to the first or second vehicle that reflects the road grade information or wind load information.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for analyzing a fluid sample that includes loading the sample in a sample space in a sensor with an input and an output, applying an electromagnetic input signal to the input, measuring at the output a response signal that includes an output signal produced by the sensor while the sensor is contacted by the sample and the electromagnetic input signal is applied to the input, comparing the response signal against the electromagnetic input signal to generate a comparison, and matching the comparison against a set of comparisons for known substances.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for analysing a fluid sample that includes loading the sample in a sample space in a sensor with an input and an output, applying an electromagnetic input signal to the input, measuring at the output a response signal that includes an output signal produced by the sensor while the sensor is contacted by the sample and the electromagnetic input signal is applied to the input, comparing the response signal against the electromagnetic input signal to generate a comparison, and matching the comparison against a set of comparisons for known substances.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for analyzing a fluid sample that includes loading the sample in a sample space in a sensor with an input and an output, applying an electromagnetic input signal to the input, measuring at the output a response signal that includes an output signal produced by the sensor while the sensor is contacted by the sample and the electromagnetic input signal is applied to the input, comparing the response signal against the electromagnetic input signal to generate a comparison, and matching the comparison against a set of comparisons for known substances.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are disclosed using electromagnetic (EM) spectroscopy to obtain non-destructively measurements to determine the water activity (Aw) of meat using reflected and/or transmitted signals.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for analysing a fluid sample that includes loading the sample in a sample space in a sensor with an input and an output, applying an electromagnetic input signal to the input, measuring at the output a response signal that includes an output signal produced by the sensor while the sensor is contacted by the sample and the electromagnetic input signal is applied to the input, comparing the response signal against the electromagnetic input signal to generate a comparison, and matching the comparison against a set of comparisons for known substances.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for analyzing a fluid sample comprising loading the sample in a sample space in a sensor with an input and an output for an electromagnetic signal, and measuring an output signal and comparing it against an input signal, and matching the comparison against a set of comparisons for known substances.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for analysing a fluid sample comprising loading the sample in a sample space in a sensor with an input and an output for an electromagnetic signal, and measuring an output signal and comparing it against an input signal, and matching the comparison against a set of comparisons for known substances.

Abstract: The invention concerns a device for non invasive monitoring of the concentration of a constituent of a human or animal bloodstream. In the preferred example the device comprises drive circuitry (50) for provision of an alternating current at a microwave frequency. This frequency is adjustable. The drive circuitry may for example comprise a voltage controlled oscillator. The device has a sensor (19) adapted to be placed in proximity to the body of the human or animal, the sensor being electrically connected to said drive circuitry to receive said alternating current and being adapted to project microwave energy into the said body. Detector circuitry is provided for detecting a signal transmitted and/or reflected by the sensor, the detected signal properties being dependent on the concentration of the said blood constituent.