Abstract: A pyrometer device for temperature determination in laser plastic welding is provided, wherein the pyrometer device comprises: a first fiber connector for a first optical fiber; a second fiber connector for a second optical fiber; and a radiation temperature sensor; wherein the pyrometer device is adapted to forward process laser radiation received via the first fiber connector to the second fiber connector and output via the second fiber connector; wherein the pyrometer device is adapted to forward thermal radiation received via the second fiber connector to the radiation temperature sensor. Further a system for laser plastic welding with a laser beam source, process optics, and a fiber-coupled pyrometer device is provided.

Abstract: A measuring device for determining a distribution of a heat transfer medium on an inner wall of a shaftless container which rotates when used to heat the heat transfer medium with concentrated solar radiation in a solar thermal power plant or as a rotary kiln includes a distance measuring device for determining a thickness of a film of the heat transfer medium on the inner wall of the container. The distance measuring device includes at least one optical device for detecting at least one height profile along at least one measurement line projected onto the inner wall and at least one position transducer for determining a current rotational position of the respective measurement line on the inner wall. A method for determining a distribution of a heat transfer medium on an inner wall of a shaftless container is also provided.

Abstract: An apparatus, for automated sampling from vessels that may be under a high pressure, is achieved by a specific construction with multiple multiport valves. A method of automated sampling can be used with the apparatus.

Abstract: Generating a digital representation of a process automation system on a cloud-based service platform uses assets integrated into measurement points. The method includes reading TAG information using an edge device, wherein the TAG information is provided in a character chain data type and represents the hierarchical structure of the respective asset. The method also includes transmitting the TAG information to the cloud-based service platform, and parsing the TAG information using an application, wherein a logic is used for the parsing process, and the name of the asset and the name of the measurement point in which the respective asset is integrated are extracted from the TAG information. A structure plan of the system is generated using the application having all of the system measurement points extracted from the TAG information together with all of the assets which are assigned to the measurement points and are extracted from the TAG information.

Abstract: A method for commissioning a field device or a service job on the field device uses a mobile transport unit having a position determination unit designed for navigation and further having an output unit. The method includes: transmitting a commissioning or service notification to the mobile transport unit, wherein the notification contains the identification of the field device and an operating action to be carried out on the field device; locating the installation position of the field device by the mobile transport unit based on the identification of the field device; guiding an operator to the installation position via autonomous navigation of the mobile transport unit through the installation; and assisting the operator when performing the operating action, wherein the mobile transport unit specifies and/or explains to the operator all operations or actions to be carried out.

Abstract: A cleaning section for an electric oral hygiene device includes a carrier mounted for driven rotation and/or oscillating rotation around a rotation axis, at least a plurality of first cleaning elements and a plurality of second cleaning elements, the cleaning elements being mounted on a mounting surface of the carrier. The carrier has an outer rim and an inner portion. The plurality of first cleaning elements are arranged at the inner portion of the carrier, and the plurality of second cleaning elements are arranged at the outer rim of the carrier. The plurality of first cleaning elements have a longitudinal axis and a substantially cross-shaped cross-sectional area extending in a plane substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, the cross-shaped cross-sectional area having four projections and four channels, the projections and channels being arranged in an alternating manner.

Abstract: A micro-light emitting diode includes a mesa structure that includes a first set of one or more semiconductor layers, an active layer configured to emit light, a second set of one or more semiconductor layers on the active layer, and a dielectric layer in sidewall regions of the mesa structure. A center region of the second set of one or more semiconductor layers is thicker than a sidewall region of the second set of one or more semiconductor layers, such that a distance from a surface of the sidewall region of the second set of one or more semiconductor layers to the active layer is less than a distance from a surface of the center region of the second set of one or more semiconductor layers to the active layer, thereby forming a surface potential-induced lateral potential barrier at a sidewall region of the active layer.

Abstract: A method for compensating for a malfunction of a field device, includes monitoring process values transmitted by each field device to a superordinated unit; creating historical data based on the transmitted process values for each field device or the sensor unit; establishing a replacement system based on the historical data, wherein the data processing unit ascertains which process variable of a sensor unit can serve as substitute variable to replace a process variable of a further sensor unit; comparing the current process values of the field device, or the sensor unit, with desired values for precalculating periods of time, in which current process values differ by at least one predetermined value from the desired values; and transmitting the substitute variable to the superordinated unit of the data processing unit during the precalculated periods of time.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for optimizing a measurement rate of a field device in a measurement system. The measurement system includes at least one second field device in which a measurement variable of the field device is correlated with the measurement variable of the second field device. The method determines a respective specific correlation pattern between the first measurement variable and the second measurement variable based on a learning phase. This makes it possible to check the measured values from the second field device for the correlation pattern during normal measurement operation and to change the measurement rate of the field device during the corresponding time window. This makes it possible to increase the service life and/or availability in the process installation.

Abstract: A method of making a Group III nitride material that includes: providing a substrate; patterning a template on the substrate; depositing a layer of a material comprising aluminum, gallium and nitrogen on the substrate at a temperature; annealing the layer comprising aluminum, gallium and nitrogen; epitaxially growing Distributed Bragg Reflectors to form a structure on the substrate that comprises microcavities; and etching micropillars in the structure for at least 30 seconds with a heated basic solution is described.

Abstract: A micro-light emitting diode includes a mesa structure that includes a first set of one or more semiconductor layers, an active layer configured to emit light, a second set of one or more semiconductor layers on the active layer, and a dielectric layer in sidewall regions of the mesa structure. A center region of the second set of one or more semiconductor layers is thicker than a sidewall region of the second set of one or more semiconductor layers, such that a distance from a surface of the sidewall region of the second set of one or more semiconductor layers to the active layer is less than a distance from a surface of the center region of the second set of one or more semiconductor layers to the active layer, thereby forming a surface potential-induced lateral potential barrier at a sidewall region of the active layer.

Abstract: A system for joining at least two workpieces of thermoplastic material by laser transmission welding, the system comprising at least one device for generating laser radiation and an imaging optics having a first optical axis, wherein laser radiation emitted by the device for generating laser radiation is guided into a joining zone and wherein the imaging optics is configured for optical imaging from a joining plane in the joining zone to a detection plane of a radiation detecting device. According to an aspect, a deflection mirror is arranged at a coupling point on a second optical axis running parallel to the first optical axis for deflecting the laser radiation from an entrance axis enclosing a non-zero angle, preferably a right angle, with the second optical axis into a direction along the second optical axis.

Abstract: A filament for an oral care implement has a longitudinal axis and a substantially cross-shaped cross-sectional area extending in a plane substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. The cross-shaped cross-sectional area has four projections and four channels. The projections and channels are arranged in an alternating manner. Each channel has a concave curvature formed by neighboring and converging projections. The concave curvature has a radius, and each projection is end-rounded thereby forming a curvature. The curvature has a diameter, and the ratio of the diameter of the curvature of the projection to the radius of the curvature of the channel is from about 0.2 to about 1.5.

Abstract: A head for an oral care implement has an outer rim and an inner portion. The head comprises at least one tuft of filaments of a first type and at least one tuft of filaments of a second type. The at least one tuft of the first type is arranged at the inner portion of the head and comprises a plurality of filaments, each filament having a longitudinal axis and a substantially circular cross-sectional area extending in a plane substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. The at least one tuft of the second type is arranged at the outer rim of the head and comprises a plurality of filaments, each filament having a longitudinal axis and a substantially cross-shaped cross-sectional area extending in a plane substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, the cross-shaped cross-sectional area having four projections and four channels, the projections and channels being arranged in an alternating manner.

Abstract: A head for an oral care implement comprises at least one tooth cleaning element of a first type and at least one tooth cleaning element of a second type. The at least one tooth cleaning element of the first type has a length extension along a longitudinal axis being about 1 mm to about 2 mm shorter than the length extension of the at least one tooth cleaning element of the second type along its longitudinal axis. The at least one tooth cleaning element of the first type is a tuft of a first type comprising a plurality of filaments, each filament having a longitudinal axis and a substantially cross-shaped cross-sectional area extending in a plane substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. The cross-shaped cross-sectional area has four projections and four channels, the projections and channels being arranged in an alternating manner. The at least one tuft of the first type has a packing factor within a range from about 40% to about 55%, preferably from about 45% to about 50%.

Abstract: A head for an oral care implement comprises at least one tooth cleaning element of a first type and at least one tooth cleaning element of a second type. The at least one tooth cleaning element of the first type has a length extension along a longitudinal axis being about 1 mm to about 2 mm longer than the length extension of the at least one tooth cleaning element of the second type along its longitudinal axis. The at least one tooth cleaning element of the first type is a tuft of a first type comprising a plurality of filaments. Each filament has a longitudinal axis and a substantially cross-shaped cross-sectional area extending in a plane substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. The cross-shaped cross-sectional area has four projections and four channels, the projections and channels being arranged in an alternating manner. The at least one tuft of the first type has a packing factor within a range from about 40% to about 55%, preferably from about 45% to about 50%.

Abstract: A head for an oral care implement comprises at least one tooth cleaning element of a first type and at least one tooth cleaning element of a second type. The at least one tooth cleaning element of the first type has a length extension along a longitudinal axis being about 1 mm to about 2 mm longer than the length extension of the at least one tooth cleaning element of the second type along its longitudinal axis. The at least one tooth cleaning element of the first type is a tuft of a first type comprising a plurality of filaments. Each filament has a longitudinal axis and a substantially cross-shaped cross-sectional area extending in a plane substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. The cross-shaped cross-sectional area has four projections and four channels, the projections and channels being arranged in an alternating manner. The at least one tuft of the first type has a packing factor within a range from about 40% to about 55%, preferably from about 45% to about 50%.

Abstract: A head for an oral care implement has an outer rim and an inner portion and comprises at least one tooth cleaning element of a first type and at least one tooth cleaning element of a second type. The at least one tooth cleaning element of the first type is arranged at the inner portion of the head, and the at least one tooth cleaning element of the second type is arranged at the outer rim of the head. The at least one tooth cleaning element of the first type is a tuft of a first type comprising a plurality of filaments. Each filament has a longitudinal axis and a substantially cross-shaped cross-sectional area extending in a plane substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. The cross-shaped cross-sectional area has four projections and four channels, the projections and channels being arranged in an alternating manner. The at least one tuft of the first type has a packing factor within a range from about 40% to about 55%, preferably from about 45% to about 50%.

Abstract: A filament for an oral care implement has a longitudinal axis and a substantially cross-shaped cross-sectional area extending in a plane substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. The cross-shaped cross-sectional area has four projections and four channels, the projections and channels are arranged in an alternating manner. The cross-sectional area has an outer diameter, and each channel has a concave curvature formed by neighboring and converging projections. The concave curvature has a radius which is within a range from about 0.015 mm to about 0.12 mm, and the ratio of the outer diameter to the radius is within a range from about 2.5 to about 12.

Abstract: A tuft for an oral care implement comprises a plurality of filaments. Each filament has a longitudinal axis and a substantially cross-shaped cross-sectional area extending in a plane substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. The cross-shaped cross-sectional area has four projections and four channels, and the projections and channels are arranged in an alternating manner. Each channel has a concave curvature formed by neighboring and converging projections. The concave curvature has a radius, and the radius of the concave curvature of the channel is within a range from about 0.025 mm to about 0.10 mm. The tuft has a packing factor within a range from about 40% to about 55%.