Abstract: A loudspeaker array is described including several circular sound emitters that are bunked. One circular sound emitter can be either a circular array of loudspeakers (kind 1) or a toroidal loudspeaker (kind 2) The loudspeaker array can be composed of circular sound emitters of kind 1, kind 2 or both. A toroidal loudspeaker is a loudspeaker whose membrane is annular and whose enclosure has a central hole. Both toroidal loudspeaker and circular array radiate mainly in their normal axis, i.e., perpendicular to the plane comprising the membrane or the loudspeakers. Circular sound emitters are arranged like an end-fire array so that all the circular sound emitter centers are on the same axis. Each circular sound emitter is driven by its own signal, which results from a filtered version of the input signal, allowing the sound to be focused in the radiation direction.

Abstract: A method is described for rewarding a viewer of a broadcast program in exchange for the viewer proving his presence at the time that certain program content is being broadcast. The method involves the use of running an application in a television environment, said application displaying a graphic inviting the viewer to intervene in some manner and to subsequently log the viewer's intervention, thereby documenting his viewing activity. The method further allows for the convenient and mobile reporting of the status of a log of the viewer's viewing activity. Finally, the method allows for the convenient and flexible redemption of accrued credit, as documented in the viewing log, against goods and/or services.

Abstract: A method is described for rewarding a viewer of a broadcast program in exchange for the viewer proving his presence at the time that certain program content is being broadcast. The method involves the use of running an application in a television environment, said application displaying a graphic inviting the viewer to intervene in some manner and to subsequently log the viewer's intervention, thereby documenting his viewing activity. The method further allows for the convenient and mobile reporting of the status of a log of the viewer's viewing activity. Finally, the method allows for the convenient and flexible redemption of accrued credit, as documented in the viewing log, against goods and/or services.